{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:26:03Z","timestamp":1789525563958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Covenant Health Research Centre SEED Grant","award":["13949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13949"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &amp; Reconstruction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A two-alternative forced choice design was used to gather perceptual data regarding unicoronal synostosis (UCS). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Cranial vault remodeling aims at improving the aesthetic appearance of infants with UCS by reshaping the forehead and reducing the potential for psychosocial discrimination. People's perception of craniofacial deformity plays a role in the stigma of deformity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS patients and laypersons\u2019 perception of skull normality. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Forty layperson skull raters were recruited from the general public. Skull raters were asked to categorize 45 infant skull images as normal or abnormal. Twenty-one of the images were UCS skulls, and 24 were normal skulls. Skulls were displayed briefly on a computer to simulate a first impression scenario and generate a perceptual response. A \u03c7 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> analysis and mixed-effects regression model were used to analyze the response data. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Members of the general public were good at distinguishing between skull groups, \u03c7 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1) = 281.97, P &lt; .001. In addition, skull raters\u2019 responses were predicted by the severity of deformity in the UCS skulls ( b = \u22120.10, z = \u22122.6, P = .010, CI: \u22120.18, \u22120.02). A skull with a deformity value of 2.8 mm (CI: 1.8, 4.1) was equally likely to be rated normal or abnormal. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This is the first study to investigate the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS and public perception. Laypersons were good at distinguishing the difference between normal and UCS skulls, and their perceptions of normality were predicted by the degree of skull deformity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520911873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T01:01:25Z","timestamp":1585184485000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Skeletal Deformity in Patients With Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis: Perceptions of the General Public"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gorman","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Boulanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16610-25"},{"key":"bibr2-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182997885"},{"key":"bibr3-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-227.1"},{"key":"bibr4-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004509"},{"key":"bibr5-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003473"},{"key":"bibr6-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1384811"},{"key":"bibr7-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584391"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-1943387520911873","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.1.21","volume":"105","author":"Hilling 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