{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:14:24Z","timestamp":1788200064507,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &amp; Reconstruction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p> Face and content validation of a surgical simulation model. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> Open reduction and internal fixation in displaced subcondylar mandibular fractures is standard care. This requires an extraoral (eg: retromandibular, transparotideal) or intraoral approach. An intraoral approach requires further training since specialized instrumentation such as the 90\u00b0 screwdriver system and endoscopes might be needed. Currently, no simulation models are available for training residents in intraoral reduction and fixation of subcondylar mandibular fractures. Therefore, we present a validated simulation model for intraoral treatment of subcondylar mandibular fractures. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Based on a computer tomography data set, we designed and printed a 3D model of a mandible with a unilateral subcondylar fracture. To simulate intraoral work depth, it was positioned inside a dental phantom. We tested the model by a group of experts (n = 8), simulating intraoral reduction and fixation of a unilateral subcondylar fracture, using a 90\u00b0 screwdriver system, a 1.0 subcondylar plate (lambda), and 5-6\u00a0mm screws. We assessed Face and Content validity by survey. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> We provided an open-source printable fracture model. Printing costs were approximately US $10. Experts \u201cAgreed\u201d the model resembling the real scenario and its use for training intraoral reduction and fixation of subcondylar mandibular fractures. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> We developed a low cost, reproducible, open-source simulator for subcondylar mandibular fractures. Face and Content validity was achieved through evaluation by a group of experts. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875221129673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T04:04:20Z","timestamp":1663819460000},"page":"275-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulating A Subcondylar Mandibular Fracture With Intraoral Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Novel Education Tool for Residents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Campolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hern\u00e1n","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology 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