{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:12:24Z","timestamp":1779927144581,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &amp; Reconstruction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p> Face and content validation of a surgical simulation model. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> Accidental transection of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during bilateral sagittal split osteotomies (BSSO) has a reported incidence of up to 7%, determining important sensory disturbances in patients. Proper repair demands the need of microsurgical anastomosis skills. No previous training models have been described to simulate this. Therefore, we present a validated simulation model for intraoral repair of transected IAN. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A CT scan of an orthognathic surgery patient was modified and a 3D model of a mandible with BSSO was printed. Chicken thigh anatomy was reviewed, and 2.5\u00a0mm sciatic nerves were dissected and mounted in the model. In order to simulate intraoral work depth, it was put inside a dental phantom or medical glove box. The model was tested by a group of experts (n = 12), simulating a transected IAN repair inside the mouth with both loupes and a double visor surgical training microscope. A survey was conducted to assess Face and Content validity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The model was named RIANOS after Repair of Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Orthognathic Surgery Simulator. The printing cost of each model was approximately US$3 and the design file is open-source and available for download. All experts \u201cStrongly Agreed\u201d that the model was useful for training inferior alveolar nerve microsurgical repair and would consider implementing it with their residents. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> We developed a low cost, reproducible, open-source simulator for IAN injury repair training during BSSO. Face and Content validity was achieved through evaluation by a group of experts. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875241236322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T14:23:31Z","timestamp":1710426211000},"page":"NP31-NP35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Repair of Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Orthognathic Surgery Simulator (RIANOS): A Novel, Open-Source, Combined 3D Printed, and Ex-Vivo Chicken Sciatic Nerve Training Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9231-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Navia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Seguridad del Trabajo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Cuadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Seguridad del Trabajo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Teuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, 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