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References of retrieved papers were reviewed for additional sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Data Collection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PRISMA guidelines for scoping review were used to abstract the data following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Inclusion criteria were examined and papers included at least one sensory system related to ITW was studied. Papers were excluded if toe walking was due to diagnosed neurological, orthopedic, or genetic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our scoping review identified 13 published articles relevant to examining sensory processing in children with ITW. Studies explored differences in vibration perception, light touch, proprioception, vestibular, visual processing, sensorimotor functional assessments, and parental surveys of sensory processing. Six of the papers were included in a meta-analysis on vibration perception threshold that failed to reach significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.12). Despite heterogeneity across studies in participants, methods, and outcomes, a meta-analysis for atypical scores from parent-report sensory processing survey data yielded significant differences between children with ITW and typical controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0068).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with ITW demonstrate impairments across multiple domains of sensory processing and sensory-motor function suggesting an underlying relationship between ITW and sensory differences. Children with ITW, however, represent a diverse group of individuals with significant between-subjects variability in which senses are impaired, and which outcome measures best capture these differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19437676261464097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:31:42Z","timestamp":1784374302000},"page":"908-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensory Processing Differences in Children With Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Scoping Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9420-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia Way Tong","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8207-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier Yves","family":"Rolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gay L.","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4613-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marybeth","family":"Grant-Beuttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Institute of Technology\/Oregon Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01942638.2020.1744787"},{"issue":"243","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The influence of sensoriality in idiopathic toe walking in children: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Andr\u00e9 M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9 M., Chapellier S., Abdellaoui-Daoudi A. 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