{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:53:51Z","timestamp":1791550431884,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability. Traditional rehabilitation approaches may not produce meaningful functional improvement, necessitating innovative approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility and acceptability of integrating fully immersive virtual reality (FIVR) and debriefing into occupational therapy (OT) for chronic pain management. We hypothesized that FIVR plus debriefing (IVRSOT) would improve pain, fear of movement, and confidence compared to standard OT (SOT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this mixed methods feasibility study, participants were randomized to SOT or IVRSOT. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics and content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient interdisciplinary pain clinic using a biopsychosocial model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with chronic pain, with 31 enrolled and 16 having data suitable for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain intensity, pain interference, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and social functioning were assessed using validated tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IVRSOT participants showed significant improvement in pain self-efficacy, fatigue, and pain interference, accompanied by a decline in physical function; between group comparisons for physical function and social role participation favored SOT. Qualitative data revealed enhanced engagement, insight, and functional carryover.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FIVR with debriefing is a feasible and engaging approach for chronic pain intervention, with the potential to enhance self-efficacy and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19437676261495434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:23:05Z","timestamp":1791548585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Feasibility of Using Virtual Reality With Debriefing as a Treatment Modality for Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1082-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9123-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Health System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8111-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaley","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay D.","family":"Wasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2021.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/virtualworlds5010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/josptopen.2024.1136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2020.75S3001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7262.694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.07.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing kinesiophobia. 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