{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1787320342852,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous genetic factors influence the severity and susceptibility to COVID-19. The renin-angiotensin system has a role in the genesis of COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion\/Deletion (ACE I\/D) and ACE2 rs2285666 in patients with COVID-19 and their association with mild, severe, and critical disease symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 300 patients with COVID-19, categorized as mild, severe, and critical. Genotypes for the I\/D polymorphism of ACE1 and the rs2285666 polymorphism of ACE2 were determined in all samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR methodologies, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study revealed a significant association between the ACEI\/D genotype and the severity of COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A strong association was seen between the frequency of ACEI\/D alleles and the severity of COVID-19, with the D allele being more prevalent in the severe and critical cohorts compared with the mild cohort (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A significant association was found between the ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism and disease severity in both male and female groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The frequency of G\/A alleles linked to the ACE2 polymorphism exhibited a significant association with disease severity, as the G allele was more common in the severe and critical groups than in the mild group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with the homozygous ACE D\/D genotype have an increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19, while the presence of allele I may provide a preventive advantage against severe disease symptoms. The ACE2 rs2285666 variant is associated with disease severity, while the ACE2 G\/G genotype is linked to an increased severity of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19450265251396705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:45:21Z","timestamp":1763459121000},"page":"295-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association Between ACE I\/D and ACE2 rs2285666 Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Disease Severity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Drikvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Ajorloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Products and Blood Safety Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Birjandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Shahsavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5509280"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.December.12.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1803139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.631148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.753721"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.34098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31030-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0425"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1, ACE2) gene variants are associated with COVID19 severity depending on the hypertension status","author":"G\u00f3mez J","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez J, et al. 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