{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:40:33Z","timestamp":1777434033195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Frontal Sinus Masterclass (FSMC) is an effective method for teaching frontal sinus anatomy. A third party developed new software using the same 3-dimensional building block concept. The authors sought to determine whether the use of the software for the educational module yielded similar results to the original FSMC, which used wooden blocks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed at a sinus course for residents. A precourse test assessed the ability to decipher frontal sinus anatomy prior to the course. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the sinuses were evaluated in triplanar view, and participants attempted to reconstruct the anatomy using the new software. Subsequently, the course instructor explained the anatomy and showed a short corresponding surgical video of the frontal sinusotomy. Cases progressed in anatomical difficulty and inflammatory load. A postcourse test determined knowledge after the course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In sum, 50 residents completed the pre- and postcourse tests. Overall scores increased from 60.5% to 65.2% ( P\u2009=\u2009.004). Subanalysis also demonstrated improved ability to locate the frontal drainage pathway from 32.5% to 46% ( P\u2009=\u2009.011) and label the frontal recess cell structures from 64% to 67.6% ( P\u2009=\u2009.045).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is minimal literature on proven methods for teaching frontal sinus anatomy. Objectively, participants of the modified FSMC simulation training using new software improved their ability to recognize cells of the frontal recess on CT scans. They especially exhibited better localization of the frontal sinus drainage pathway. Subjectively, participants reported benefit from the course and felt they would be better surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418801264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T05:36:09Z","timestamp":1537335369000},"page":"526-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Teaching Residents Frontal Sinus Anatomy Using a Novel 3-Dimensional Conceptualization Planning Software-Based Module"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Philip G.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bassiouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alkis J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alrasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bozena","family":"Wrobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruso Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Tewfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. Christopher","family":"McMains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24401"},{"key":"bibr2-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s01"},{"key":"bibr3-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065897781446720"},{"key":"bibr4-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2008.12.006"},{"key":"bibr5-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21307"},{"key":"bibr6-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25648"},{"key":"bibr7-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.4.350"},{"key":"bibr8-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.11.023"},{"key":"bibr9-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3798"},{"key":"bibr10-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812462007"},{"key":"bibr11-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2016.7.0180"},{"key":"bibr12-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26939"},{"key":"bibr13-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2005.11.001"},{"key":"bibr14-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21864"},{"key":"bibr15-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240301700408"},{"key":"bibr16-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wormald PJ. Anatomy of the frontal recess and frontal sinus with three-dimensional reconstruction. In:\n                      Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Anatomy, Three-Dimensional Reconstruction, and Surgical Technique\n                      . 3rd ed. New York, NY: Theime; 2008: 43\u201381.","DOI":"10.1055\/b-002-74291"},{"key":"bibr17-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"bibr18-1945892418801264","unstructured":"Jones E, Oliphant T, Peterson P.\n                      SciPy: open source scientific tools for Python\n                      . http:\/\/www scipy org\/. Published 2001. Accessed September 4, 2018."},{"key":"bibr19-1945892418801264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluyver T, Ragan-Kelley B, P\u00e9rez F, et\u00a0al. Jupyter Notebooks\u2014a publishing format for reproducible computational workflows. 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