{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:26:45Z","timestamp":1777386405236,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To describe the existing literature on procalcitonin (PCT) as a biomarker in patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), (2) to analyze outcomes in ARS patients who were treated with PCT-guided therapy versus traditional management, and (3) to compare PCT to other biomarkers used in diagnosis of bacterial ARS. Data Sources: PubMed and Embase. Review Methods: A systematic search in the PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify studies related to PCT as a biomarker in ARS. After critical appraisal of validity by 2 authors, 6 studies with a total of 313 patients were selected for data extraction and analysis. We identified 2 randomized control trials (RCTs) of PCT-based guidelines for antibiotic management of ARS in outpatient settings and 4 observational studies that compared PCT to other biomarkers in patients with ARS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2 RCTs demonstrated a reduction (41.6% in 1 study and 71% in the other) in antibiotic prescription rate in the PCT-guided group versus the control group with no change in the number of days with impaired activity due to illness (9.0 vs 9.0 days [ P\u2009=\u2009.96]; 8.1 vs 8.2 days [95% confidence interval \u22120.7 to 0.7]), number of days of work missed, and percentage of patients with persistent symptoms at 28 days. In the observational cohort studies, PCT did not consistently correlate with C-reactive protein, body temperature, and\/or white blood cell counts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The limited existing literature on the role of PCT in diagnosis, management, and prediction of clinical outcomes in ARS suggests that PCT-based guidelines for antibiotic prescription are a safe and effective method of minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418810293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T03:39:45Z","timestamp":1543808385000},"page":"103-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Procalcitonin as a Biomarker in Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Dilger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju T.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Wunderink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Shintani","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1945892418810293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25363"},{"key":"bibr2-1945892418810293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21550"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr3-1945892418810293","first-page":"CD000243","author":"Ahovuo-Saloranta A","year":"2008","journal-title":". 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