{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:27:32Z","timestamp":1777386452203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acacia honey is known to have antioxidant, immune-modulatory, and antiproliferative properties. Nasal fibroblasts participate in local immune responses that control the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the production of extracellular matrix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acacia honey on myofibroblast differentiation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production in nasal polyp fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary nasal fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyps and treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were then performed to determine \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production in nasal polyp fibroblasts. Phosphorylated Smad ( pSmad) 2\/3 and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ( pAMPK) were then determined by Western blotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TGF-\u03b21 stimulation increased \u03b1-SMA and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production in nasal polyp fibroblasts. Acacia honey effectively suppressed \u03b1-SMA and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production. It also prevented phosphorylation of Smad 2\/3 and AMPK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acacia honey can inhibit TGF-\u03b21-induced myofibroblast differentiation and MMP-9 production in nasal fibroblasts. These results suggest that acacia honey might be useful for inhibiting nasal polyp formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419843702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T05:32:22Z","timestamp":1555565542000},"page":"483-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Acacia Honey on Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Seung-Heon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Kyung","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Hyun","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"bibr2-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH771>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"bibr3-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1398-9995.2003.00364.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199707000-00018"},{"key":"bibr5-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2011.78"},{"key":"bibr6-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19022497"},{"key":"bibr7-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425911422263"},{"key":"bibr8-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2011.641974"},{"key":"bibr9-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102940s"},{"key":"bibr10-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2990"},{"key":"bibr11-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1248-0"},{"key":"bibr12-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21695"},{"key":"bibr13-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644"},{"key":"bibr14-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.3.579"},{"key":"bibr15-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21943"},{"key":"bibr16-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03931.x"},{"key":"bibr17-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02959.x"},{"key":"bibr18-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16086378"},{"key":"bibr19-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/e771"},{"key":"bibr20-1945892419843702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813513880"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; 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