{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:27:32Z","timestamp":1777386452352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chongqing middle and youth medical high-end talent studio project","award":["Yu Wei (2018) No. 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yu Wei (2018) No. 2"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","award":["cstc2015jcyjBX0047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2015jcyjBX0047"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Health and Family Planning Commission Chinese Medicine Research Project","award":["ZY201702070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY201702070"]}]},{"name":"e Chongqing Health and Family Planning Commission Research project","award":["2015HBRC004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015HBRC004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relaxin is a small peptide hormone that regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and reduces fibrosis in a number of organs. Little is known about its impact on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); thus, we aimed to determine the expression of human H2 relaxin (relaxin-2) and its role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were enrolled and divided into the following groups: CRS with NP (CRSwNP; n\u2009=\u200920), CRS without NP (CRSsNP; n\u2009=\u200920), and controls (n\u2009=\u200915). Tissue samples were analyzed by Masson trichrome staining for collagen, while the location and expression of relaxin-2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21), and phosphorylated (p) Smad2\/Smad3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-\u03b21 mRNA was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ex vivo NP were treated with relaxin-2 (n\u2009=\u200915) or TGF-\u03b21 (n\u2009=\u200915). Collagen type I (collagen I), relaxin-2, and TGF-\u03b21 levels in the culture supernatants were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while pSmad2\/Smad3 in culture pellets was analyzed by Western blot, and the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA was tested by qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The collagen, relaxin-2, TGF-\u03b21, and pSmad2\/Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the CRSwNP group compared with the CRSsNP group ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-\u03b21 mRNA in the CRSsNP group was significantly higher than in the CRSwNP and control groups ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Compared with the ex vivo controls, in CRSwNP, the levels of TGF-\u03b21, collagen I, pSmad2\/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were markedly decreased after relaxin-2 treatment. However, relaxin-2, collagen I, pSmad2\/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were remarkably increased after TGF-\u03b21 treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antifibrotic effects of relaxin-2 may play a role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP, but the detailed mechanism deserves further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419843828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T05:12:01Z","timestamp":1555909921000},"page":"490-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of Relaxin-2 in Tissue Remodeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yimin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangju","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingxiu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.036"},{"key":"bibr2-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.049"},{"key":"bibr3-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2012.01318.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02880.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418770291"},{"key":"bibr6-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03898.x"},{"key":"bibr7-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.045"},{"key":"bibr8-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.753"},{"key":"bibr9-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.04.013"},{"key":"bibr10-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02559.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1945892419843828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bathgate RAD, Hsueh AJW, Sherwood OD. 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