{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:30:45Z","timestamp":1787243445380,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The infraorbital nerve (ION) and its canal are important landmarks during surgical approaches to the orbital floor and pterygopalatine fossa. However, variations in the anatomy of the infraorbital canal and its corresponding neurovascular bundle may impact the access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate anatomic variants of the infraorbital canal from a prelacrimal endoscopic perspective and to explore the impact of these variants on exposing the lateral orbital floor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten cadaveric specimens (20 sides) were dissected through an endonasal prelacrimal approach. Anatomic variants of the ION including location, branching pattern, and relationship to the infraorbital artery were assessed. The need for ION transposition to increase exposure of the lateral orbital floor was also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of previously described Types 1, 2, and 3 ION variants were 30.0%, 60.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. Although the orbital floor could be directly accessed in Type 1 and Type 3 IONs, transposition of the ION was necessary to expose the lateral orbital floor in 5 of 12 sides (42%) for Type 2 ION. Bony dehiscence of the orbital floor was identified in 8 of 20 sides (40%) and branching of the ION in 2 of 20 sides (10%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anatomic variations of the infraorbital canal impact surgical exposure of the orbital floor via a prelacrimal approach. Type 1 and Type 3 ION variants allow a direct exposure of the entire orbital floor. A Type 2 ION may require transposition of the nerve to adequately expose the lateral orbital floor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419882127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:39:06Z","timestamp":1571099946000},"page":"176-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anatomical Variants of the Infraorbital Canal: Implications for the Prelacrimal Approach to the Orbital Floor"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Nyall R.","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L.","family":"Carrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870030039006"},{"key":"bibr2-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800208"},{"key":"bibr3-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050002"},{"key":"bibr4-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(03)00060-9"},{"key":"bibr5-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3248-3"},{"key":"bibr6-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003416"},{"key":"bibr7-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12430"},{"key":"bibr8-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23697"},{"key":"bibr9-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21858"},{"key":"bibr10-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2359-y"},{"key":"bibr11-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1525-8"},{"key":"bibr12-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400605"},{"key":"bibr13-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003419"},{"key":"bibr14-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.9.JNS151099"},{"key":"bibr15-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000044562.73763.00"},{"key":"bibr16-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25089"},{"key":"bibr17-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1708-6"},{"key":"bibr18-1945892419882127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121754","volume":"126","author":"Zhou 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