{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:24:40Z","timestamp":1787858680274,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL071798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL071798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NCATS Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network","award":["U54HL096458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HL096458"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically diverse disease which causes impaired mucociliary clearance, and results in pulmonary, otologic, and rhinologic disease in affected patients. Genetic mutations in multiple genes impair the ability of patients to clear mucous from the lungs, middle ear, and sinonasal cavity and lead to chronic pulmonary and sinonasal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 17 PCD patients who had available CT scans. Volumes for bilateral maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses were calculated. A control population of patients who had preoperative CT scans for endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base pathology without sinonasal cavity involvement was also identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of PCD was 33 and ranged from 13 to 54\u2009years. Patients were age- and gender-matched to a control group that underwent resection of anterior skull-base tumors and had a mean age of 35 that ranged between 17\u201353\u2009years old. The volumes for all thee sinus cavities were significantly smaller (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.007) compared to the control population. The average Lund-Mackay score was 10.6 in the PCD cohort (range 6\u201316) in comparison to an average of 0.7 in the control cohort (range 0\u20132).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall sinus volumes were smaller in patients with PCD compared to our control population. Future studies will be aimed at understanding defects in sinus development as a function of specific genetic mutations in PCD patients. Ultimately, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of PCD will allow us to identify the optimal treatment practices for this unique patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420933175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T07:15:56Z","timestamp":1592550956000},"page":"72-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sinus Development and Pneumatization in a Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Pappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4636-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Zanation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles S.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret W.","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike R.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kimple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"},{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North 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