{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:13:40Z","timestamp":1783617220732,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasopharyngeal swab testing, which has greatly increased in utilization due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is generally safe and well-tolerated, although it may be rarely associated with adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publicly reported adverse events associated with nasopharyngeal COVID-19 testing within the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database and the published literature were queried.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 129 adverse events were reported, including 66 from the MAUDE database and 63 from literature review. The most common complications were swab fracture resulting in retained foreign body (47%), followed by epistaxis (17%), and headache (11%). Seven (12%) of the reported retained foreign body cases required removal under general anesthesia, while 1 (5%) of the epistaxis cases required surgical intervention. The most serious adverse event was meningitis following cerebrospinal fluid leak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients and healthcare providers should be aware of the potential risks associated with testing, with attention to ensuring proper technique, and be prepared to recognize and manage adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924211046725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T02:29:16Z","timestamp":1632277756000},"page":"281-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Complications Associated With Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing: An Analysis of the MAUDE Database and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir A.","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khodayar","family":"Goshtasbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19458924211046725","unstructured":"The COVID Tracking Project. Available at: https:\/\/covidtracking.com\/data. (Accessed March 17, 2021)."},{"key":"bibr2-19458924211046725","unstructured":"Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens for COVID-19: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases; 2021 [updated February 26, 2021]. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/lab\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html. (Accessed March 17, 2021)."},{"key":"bibr3-19458924211046725","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration MAUDE-Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience. Available at: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfmaude\/search.cfm. (Accessed March 17, 2021)."},{"key":"bibr4-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29462"},{"key":"bibr5-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.3579"},{"key":"bibr6-19458924211046725","author":"Mistry SG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"bibr7-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jocn.2021.01.003"},{"key":"bibr8-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14736"},{"key":"bibr9-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102758"},{"key":"bibr10-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04004-2020"},{"key":"bibr11-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110611"},{"key":"bibr12-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-020-01236-y"},{"key":"bibr13-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820933168"},{"key":"bibr14-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24220"},{"key":"bibr15-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260"},{"key":"bibr16-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561321993933"},{"key":"bibr17-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561321996836"},{"key":"bibr18-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.297"},{"key":"bibr19-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001425"},{"key":"bibr20-19458924211046725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03582-x"},{"issue":"20","key":"bibr21-19458924211046725","first-page":"S0736","author":"Wyman MT","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19458924211046725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19458924211046725","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19458924211046725","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:37:00Z","timestamp":1777369020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19458924211046725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19458924211046725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19458924211046725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-8924","1945-8932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-8924","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-8932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]}}}