{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:09:35Z","timestamp":1792976975276,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"O BOTIC\u00c1RIO FRANCHISING LTDA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction (OD)\u2014including anosmia and hyposmia\u2014is a common symptom of COVID-19. Previous studies have identified olfactory training (OT) as an important treatment for postinfectious OD; however, little is known about its benefits and optimizations after SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess whether olfactory training performance can be optimized using more fragrances over a shorter period of time in patients with persistent OD after COVID-19. In addition, we determined the presence of other variables related to OD and treatment response in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter randomized clinical trial recruited 80 patients with persistent OD and prior COVID-19 infection for less than 3 months. The patients were divided into 2 groups receiving either 4 or 8 essences over 4 weeks. Subjective assessments and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) were performed before and after the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant olfactory improvement was measured subjectively and using the UPSIT in both groups; however, no significant differences between the groups were observed. Additionally, the presence of olfactory fluctuations was associated with higher UPSIT scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that training intensification by increasing the number of essences for 4 weeks does not show superiority over the classical method. Moreover, fluctuant olfaction seems to be related to a higher score on the UPSIT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221113124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T02:37:46Z","timestamp":1658457466000},"page":"780-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Intensive Olfactory Training in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"\u00cdcaro de A. T.","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara T.","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurenzo G.","family":"Mocelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora E.","family":"Shibukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4260-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Leahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda L.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Amadeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia M. D.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen C. D.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura F.","family":"De Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar A.","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olfactory Intelligence Nucleus of the Boticario Group, Curitiba, 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