{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:32:34Z","timestamp":1792679554841,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol&amp;#65533;Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition with significant patient morbidity and associated healthcare costs. While the economic burden of CRS overall has been previously described, the economic impact of CRSwNP has received less attention. Patients with CRSwNP have higher disease burden and healthcare resource utilization than those with CRS without nasal polyposis. Rapid evolution of medical management in recent years with the use of targeted biologics warrants further investigation into the economic burden of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Provide an updated review of the literature on the economic impact of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research shows that patients with CRSwNP have higher direct costs and usage of ambulatory services compared to matched non-CRS controls. Patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) incur roughly $13,000 in costs which is particularly relevant given the rate of disease recidivism and need for revision surgery associated with CRSwNP. Disease burden additionally leads to indirect costs through loss of wages and productivity due to work absenteeism and presenteeism, with estimates of up to roughly $10,000 lost in mean annual productivity cost in refractory CRSwNP. Several studies have shown FESS to be more cost-effective in intermediate and long-term management than medical therapy with biologics, despite similar long-term outcomes with respect to quality-of-life metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRSwNP is a chronic condition with high recurrence rates making it a challenge to manage over time. Current research suggests that FESS is more cost-effective than medical management, including use of newer biologics. Further investigation into both direct and indirect costs associated with medical management is warranted to perform accurate cost-effectiveness analyses and allow for the best allocation of limited healthcare resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221147501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T12:24:08Z","timestamp":1677500648000},"page":"227-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Economics of Medical and Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Contemporary Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3744-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Chapurin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1815683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino11.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000147922.12228.1f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S210648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.12.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814536369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2022.43.220048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin19.468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2018.32.4495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudmik L. 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