{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:26:40Z","timestamp":1788935200342,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of scientific research at Umm Al-Qura University","award":["23UQU4290565DSR57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23UQU4290565DSR57"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 has been associated with olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. The rise of calcium levels in the nasal secretions plays an essential role in the olfaction process with a desensitization effect on the olfactory receptor neurons and a negative impact on the olfaction transmission. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that can bind free calcium in the nasal secretions, thereby reducing the adverse effects of calcium on olfactory function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this work is to demonstrate the effect of intranasal EDTA on improving olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty patients with a history of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction that persisted for more than 6 months were enrolled in the current prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups. Twenty-five patients were treated with olfactory training only, while the remaining 25 patients received treatment with olfactory training and a topical nasal spray of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. The olfactory function was assessed before treatment and 3 months later using the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks test. Additionally, the determination of calcium level in the nasal secretions was performed using an ion-selective electrode before treatment and 3 months later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-eight percent of the patients treated with olfactory training in addition to EDTA exhibited clinical improvement, while 60% showed improvement in patients treated with olfactory training only. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the measured calcium level in the nasal secretions was demonstrated after the use of ethylene diamine tetra compared to patients treated with olfactory training only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be associated with an improvement of the olfactory function post-COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924231184055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:50:42Z","timestamp":1687747842000},"page":"630-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intra Nasal Use of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid for Improving Olfactory Dysfunction Post COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Abdelazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyad","family":"Mandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Abdelazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael F.","family":"Ismaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.S.","family":"Abourehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha City, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab R.","family":"Alrugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharm D student, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan R.","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Dawadmi General Hospital, Dawadmi, Saudi 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