{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:27:09Z","timestamp":1777386429528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX005432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5TL1TR001880-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5TL1TR001880-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI169537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI169537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral infections have long been implicated in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Given widespread exposure to the common cold coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E), we sought to investigate how HCoV-229E is cleared and stimulates interferon pathways in air\u2013liquid interface (ALI) cultures from patients with CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify whether viral clearance and ISG expression is different in ALI cultures from donors with CRSwNP compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plaque assays were used to quantify infectious virus released by infected air\u2013liquid interface (ALI) cultures derived from patients with CRSwNP compared to patients without CRS (controls). Additionally, mock and induced levels of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) mRNA following HCoV-229E infection were quantified by RT-qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantification of infectious virus by plaque assay reveals that CRSwNP ALI cultures were equally susceptible to HCoV-229E infection, and surprisingly viral titers dropped significantly faster than in the control ALI cultures. We further demonstrate that this accelerated viral clearance correlates with increased mRNA expression of at least 4 ISGs following viral infection in the CRSwNP ALIs compared to the control ALIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study paradoxically demonstrates that ALI cultures from patients with CRSwNP are more efficient at clearing the common cold HCoV-229E virus compared to controls. We also demonstrate significantly increased ISG mRNA expression following HCoV-229E infection in CRSwNP. These findings call for further investigation into the effect of unimpaired interferon signaling on the type 2 inflammatory environment in patients with CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924241276274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1731040790000},"page":"13-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Common Cold Coronavirus 229E Induces Higher Interferon Stimulating Gene Responses in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Sell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3634-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kohanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Bosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. 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