{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1792022567666,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate disparities in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) across racial, ethnic, and gender groups, focusing on treatment patterns and associated comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 28,278 adults with CRS in the NIH All of Us Research Program between 2018 and 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographic variables, associated comorbidities, and receipt of treatments including systemic steroids, leukotriene modifiers, antibiotics, biologics, and sinus surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Black individuals had higher odds of receiving systemic steroids (OR: 1.59,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001) and antibiotics (OR: 1.67,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001), but were less likely to receive biologics (OR: 0.30,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.051). Non-Hispanic individuals were more likely to receive systemic steroids (OR: 1.54,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and antibiotics (OR: 1.54,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.0007), but were less likely to undergo sinus surgery (OR: 0.67,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.016). Male sex was associated with reduced odds of receiving systemic steroids (OR: 0.86,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001), leukotriene modifiers (OR: 0.81,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001), and antibiotics (OR: 0.91,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) but increased odds of undergoing surgery (OR: 1.37,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001). Presence of nasal polyps and comorbid asthma strongly predicted use of biologics (ORs: 4.39 and 13.83, respectively,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001) and surgical intervention (ORs: 13.13 and 1.34, respectively,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Significant racial, ethnic, and gender disparities exist in the treatment of CRS, independent of comorbidities. These findings highlight the need for equity-focused strategies to ensure timely access to advanced therapies and to address structural barriers that may influence treatment allocation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924251383016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T17:45:49Z","timestamp":1759254349000},"page":"64-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Disparities in Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Race and Ethnicity: An All of Us Research Program Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5085-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wynne","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeen","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Guirguis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Spielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine"},{"name":"MedStar Georgetown University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.1453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-024-01184-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Understanding OMOP Basics. Research all of us. Published December 18 2019. Updated February 3 2021. Accessed October 24 2024. https:\/\/support.researchallofus.org\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360039585391-Understanding-OMOP-Basics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"FastStats\u2014sinus conditions. Centers for disease control and prevention. January 27 2022. Accessed May 30 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/sinuses.htm#print"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01282-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12247-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2015.6.0120"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19458924251383016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19458924251383016","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19458924251383016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1777368984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19458924251383016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19458924251383016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19458924251383016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-8924","1945-8932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-8924","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-8932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]}}}