{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:15:49Z","timestamp":1787019349150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol&amp;#65533;Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a significant symptom in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (neCRSwNP), but its non-type 2 inflammation-driven mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the roles of local nasal non-type 2 inflammatory cytokines and systemic immune indicators in neCRSwNP-associated OD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-nine neCRSwNP patients were enrolled and divided into neCRSwNP with OD (neCRSwNP-wOD, n\u2009=\u200949) and neCRSwNP without OD (neCRSwNP-woOD, n\u2009=\u200930) groups. Olfactory function was assessed using the T&amp;T Olfactometer. Nasal mucus cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-17) were measured by ELISA. Peripheral blood inflammatory indicators including absolute neutrophil count (Neut), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), were analyzed. Statistical methods included the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 levels were significantly elevated in the OD group (both P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 showed no difference. Patients with OD also exhibited higher Neut, NLR, and SII (all P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Olfactory scores strongly correlated with Neut (r\u2009=\u20090.639, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and moderately with IFN-\u03b3 (r\u2009=\u20090.533, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Multivariate regression identified IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and Neut as independent risk factors for OD. ROC analysis indicated that Neut had the highest predictive accuracy (AUC\u2009=\u20090.839), and a combined model of three indicators (Lund-Kennedy score, IL-17 and Neut) achieved excellent diagnostic performance (AUC\u2009=\u20090.964).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction in neCRSwNP is associated with the combined involvement of local Th1\/Th17 pathway activation (IFN-\u03b3\/IL-17) and neutrophil-mediated systemic inflammation. IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and peripheral blood neutrophils may be involved in the development of olfactory dysfunction in neCRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924261428330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:54:55Z","timestamp":1773233695000},"page":"327-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Roles of IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and Peripheral Blood Neutrophils in Olfactory Dysfunction in Non-Eosinophilic CRSwNP"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Zhidi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingting","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2023.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","article-title":"Association between peripheral eosinophilia, JESREC score, and olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li H, Wang T, et al. 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