{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:53:44Z","timestamp":1791525224422,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Rhinol\ufffdAllergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by significant tissue remodeling, in which Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in this process. Autophagy, a cellular degradation mechanism crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, may also contribute to EMT in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the role of autophagy in EMT during CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tissue specimens were obtained from control subjects and patients with CRSwNP. The expression levels of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21), the autophagic protein LC3, and EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The expression characteristics of TGF-\u03b21 in CRSwNP and their relationship with autophagy caused by HNE was assessed by in-vitro culture of the human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI-2650 treated with human recombinant HNE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with CRSwNP had more protein expression of TGF-\u03b21, LC3, N-cadherin, and vimentin, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Treatment of nasal epithelial cells with recombinant HNE also induced the upregulation of TGF-\u03b21, LC3, N-cadherin and Vimentin, while reducing E-cadherin levels (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Alternatively, treatment of nasal epithelial cells with an autophagy inhibitor or a TGF-\u03b21 inhibitor mitigated EMT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HNE induced EMT by activating the autophagy in CRSwNP and TGF-\u03b21 also played an important role in this process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924261456361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:18:39Z","timestamp":1781169519000},"page":"524-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human Neutrophil Elastase Induces Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition via Autophagy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nongping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8226-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1707-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419871798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2016.1144145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000497829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186878"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201905-0990OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i16.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221116939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213916"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0149-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2347105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2019.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI174598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2024.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2025.2449709"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Rhinology &amp; 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