{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:44:17Z","timestamp":1777434257206,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Argument &amp; Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Deontological ethics views the morality of an action based upon its accordance with duty or rights, regardless of its consequences. In previous work, we presented some argumentation schemes for descriptive modeling of utilitarian ethical arguments. The premises of those schemes refer to utilitarian concepts such as maximum utility. Here we extend that approach by proposing some argumentation schemes for analysis of arguments based on deontological ethics. The premises refer to deontological concepts of duty, rights, and justice. The conclusions specify whether an action is morally required, forbidden, or permitted. The critical questions are based upon common challenges to deontological ethics. These schemes provide semantic templates for recognizing implicit or explicit premises and conclusions of deontological arguments. Our approach to ethical argumentation is an alternative to current approaches using argumentation schemes of practical reasoning (reasoning about what to do). In addition to proposing novel argumentation schemes, in this paper we examine ethical argumentation in \u201cLetter from a Birmingham Jail.\u201d The analysis shows that deontological argumentation schemes as well as ethical variants of some \u201cstandard\u201d schemes and rhetorical devices play a\n                    \n                    major role.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19462174241306714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T01:16:03Z","timestamp":1742951763000},"page":"94-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deontological argumentation: Argumentation schemes and rhetorical devices"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nancy L","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"King ML Jr. Letter from a Birmingham Jail. https:\/\/www.africa.upenn.edu\/Articles_Gen\/Letter_Birmingham.html (accessed 14 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy","author":"Alexander L","unstructured":"Alexander L, Moore M. Deontological ethics. In: Zalta EN (ed) The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. (Winter 2021 ed.). https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/win2021\/entries\/ethics-deontological\/ (accessed 14 November 2023).","edition":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of ethics","author":"Freeman S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freeman S. Deontology. In: Becker LC, Becker CB (eds) Encyclopedia of ethics. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2001, pp.391\u2013396.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"424","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of ethical theory","author":"McNaughton D","year":"2009","unstructured":"McNaughton D, Rawling P. Deontology. In: Copp D (ed) The Oxford handbook of ethical theory. 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The Guardian. 19 June 2020. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/jun\/19\/why-you-should-go-animal-free-arguments-in-favour-of-meat-eating-plant-based-debunked (accessed 14 November 2023).","journal-title":"The Guardian"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Meat eaters or vegetarians. Who has the better arguments?","author":"Clarke P","unstructured":"Clarke P. Meat eaters or vegetarians. Who has the better arguments? Farmers Weekly. 3 January 2019. https:\/\/www.fwi.co.uk\/livestock\/health-welfare\/meat-eaters-or-vegetarians-who-has-the-better-arguments (accessed 14 November 2023).","journal-title":"Farmers Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy","author":"Doggett T","unstructured":"Doggett T. Moral vegetarianism. In: Zalta EN (ed) The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. 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