{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:10:36Z","timestamp":1789207836858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015499","name":"Jeonbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research Base Construction Fund Support Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Base Construction Fund Support Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015499","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The development of ice crystals during the freezing process can be detrimental to the viability and fertilization capacity of frozen\u2013thawed spermatozoa. The unique properties of antifreeze proteins allow them to inhibit the formation of ice crystals during cell cryopreservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have assessed the general sperm quality parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, lipid peroxidation, and sperm apoptosis after using antifreeze protein III (AFP III) for cryopreservation. However, the data regarding changes in protein expression and their relation to sperm quality after thawing are still lacking. Therefore, this work addresses associated proteomic changes in post-thawed dog sperm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two experiments were conducted using high (Experiment I) and low (Experiment II) concentrations of AFP III. Semen samples from four dogs were divided into aliquots and diluted with Tris-egg yolk extender supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 5, 10, or 15 \u00b5g\/mL AFP III (Experiment I) or 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 \u00b5g\/mL AFP III (Experiment II) based on a previous literature review. After being frozen in LN\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and thawed, sperm motility parameters, viability, acrosome integrity, and apoptosis were evaluated. Furthermore, the AKAP4, ATP1B1, and HSP70 proteins, which are associated with good sperm quality and freezability, were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting to assess their expression and levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the high-concentration experiment, AFP III at 1 \u00b5g\/mL significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) total and moderate-progressive motility compared with the control and other AFP III concentrations. Moreover, the 1 \u00b5g\/mL group had higher HSP70 and AKAP4 protein levels than the control and other concentration groups, though the differences were not significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that adding 1 \u00b5g\/mL AFP III to the semen extender enhances the motility of post-thawed dog sperm and suggest the potential use of HSP70 and AKAP4 proteins as biomarkers for good semen quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19475535261416345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:38:53Z","timestamp":1769164733000},"page":"416-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Various Antifreeze Protein Type III Concentrations on Post-Thawed Dog Sperm Quality and Protein Expression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Saddah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1876-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Jeoung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2019.f326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202052162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45060300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-291x(05)81102-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1213603110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0969-2126(96)00140-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524109113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1740(94)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb01990.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.4.1250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.093401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12750\/JET.2016.31.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.719346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv33n2Ab34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27228070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2025.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9050181"},{"issue":"86","key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","article-title":"ProAKAP4 concentrations as an indicator of good spermatogenesis and sperm quality under oxidative stress conditions","volume":"7","author":"Delehedde M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delehedde M, , Demouveaux B, , Remy G, et al. ProAKAP4 concentrations as an indicator of good spermatogenesis and sperm quality under oxidative stress conditions. Andrology, 2019; 7(86).","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"555803","key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","article-title":"The sperm specific protein proAKAP4 as an innovative marker to evaluate sperm quality and fertility","volume":"11","author":"Sergeant N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sergeant N, , Briand-Amirat L, , Bencharif D, et al. The sperm specific protein proAKAP4 as an innovative marker to evaluate sperm quality and fertility. J Dairy Vet Sci, 2019; 11(555803); doi: 10.19080\/JDVS.2019.11.555803","journal-title":"J Dairy Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49378-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effects of heat shock protein 70 haplotype and tall fescue variety on bull sperm characteristics","volume":"584","author":"Shrum K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shrum K, , Lester T, , Rorie R, et al. Effects of heat shock protein 70 haplotype and tall fescue variety on bull sperm characteristics. Arkansas Agric Res Station Res Ser, 2010; 584:39\u201344.","journal-title":"Arkansas Agric Res Station Res Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1167594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2011.627081"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Canine sperm cryopreservation using glucose in glycerol-free Tris","volume":"35","author":"Yu IJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu IJ. Canine sperm cryopreservation using glucose in glycerol-free Tris. Cryo Letters, 2014; 35(2):101\u2013107.","journal-title":"Cryo Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0959-437x(98)80042-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.10.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550801891152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md15020027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2020.0140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-291x(05)80939-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-2240(02)00105-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920306779025576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Are AKAP4 and proAKAP4 found in canine semen. Preliminary results","volume":"3","author":"Le Couazer D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Couazer D, , Bencharif D. Are AKAP4 and proAKAP4 found in canine semen. Preliminary results. Asp J Nanotechnol, 2021; 3:70\u201375.","journal-title":"Asp J Nanotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.2.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.48.32135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008114200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.07.475"}],"container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19475535261416345","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19475535261416345","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19475535261416345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:46:42Z","timestamp":1789206402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19475535261416345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19475535261416345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19475535261416345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-5535","1947-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-5535","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}}}