{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:52:59Z","timestamp":1783720379272,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STPGP 365025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STPGP 365025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["National Researcher Fellowship to CDH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Researcher Fellowship to CDH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Graduate Research Fund","award":["M.Sc. scholarship to AB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M.Sc. scholarship to AB"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BME 303615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BME 303615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study tested the hypothesis that presolidified chitosan-blood implants are retained in subchondral bone channels perforated in critical-size sheep cartilage defects, and promote bone repair and hyaline-like cartilage resurfacing versus blood implant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cartilage defects (10 \u00d7 10 mm) with 3 bone channels (1 drill, 2 Jamshidi biopsy, 2 mm diameter), and 6 small microfracture holes were created bilaterally in n = 11 sheep knee medial condyles. In one knee, 10 kDa chitosan\u2013NaCl\/blood implant (presolidified using recombinant factor VIIa or tissue factor), was inserted into each drill and Jamshidi hole. Contralateral knee defects received presolidified whole blood clot. Repair tissues were assessed histologically, biochemically, biomechanically, and by micro\u2013computed tomography after 1 day ( n = 1) and 6 months ( n = 10).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Day 1 defects showed a 60% loss of subchondral bone plate volume fraction along with extensive subchondral hematoma. Chitosan implant was resident at day 1, but had no effect on any subsequent repair parameter compared with blood implant controls. At 6 months, bone defects exhibited remodeling and hypomineralized bone repair and were partly resurfaced with tissues containing collagen type II and scant collagen type I, 2-fold lower glycosaminoglycan and fibril modulus, and 4.5-fold higher permeability compared with intact cartilage. Microdrill holes elicited higher histological ICRS-II overall assessment scores than Jamshidi holes (50% vs. 30%, P = 0.041). Jamshidi biopsy holes provoked sporadic osteonecrosis in n = 3 debrided condyles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten kilodalton chitosan was insufficient to improve repair. Microdrilling is a feasible subchondral marrow stimulation surgical approach with the potential to elicit poroelastic tissues with at least half the compressive modulus as intact articular cartilage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516676872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T21:45:57Z","timestamp":1478900757000},"page":"417-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of a Rapidly Degrading Presolidified 10 kDa Chitosan\/Blood Implant and Subchondral Marrow Stimulation Surgical Approach on Cartilage Resurfacing in a Sheep Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Hurtig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Quenneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomomentum Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges-\u00c9tienne","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline D.","family":"Hoemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1048-6666(97)80033-X"},{"key":"bibr2-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0499-3"},{"key":"bibr3-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200403000-00001"},{"key":"bibr4-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507311095"},{"key":"bibr5-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515593943"},{"key":"bibr6-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603515595837"},{"key":"bibr7-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-27","volume":"14","author":"Lafantaisie-Favreau CH","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"bibr8-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.12.011"},{"key":"bibr9-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603512463227"},{"key":"bibr10-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.01.023"},{"key":"bibr11-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200512000-00011"},{"key":"bibr12-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.034"},{"key":"bibr13-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41560"},{"key":"bibr14-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.oto.2006.08.001"},{"key":"bibr15-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21386"},{"key":"bibr16-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514547029"},{"key":"bibr17-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00159-8"},{"key":"bibr18-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32912"},{"key":"bibr19-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22740"},{"key":"bibr20-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20905"},{"key":"bibr21-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1341580"},{"key":"bibr22-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01250.x"},{"key":"bibr23-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.12.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr24-1947603516676872","first-page":"R577","volume":"300","author":"Zhu T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr25-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.10.004"},{"key":"bibr26-1947603516676872","first-page":"8","author":"Brittberg M","year":"1998","journal-title":"ICRS Newslett"},{"key":"bibr27-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603510392913"},{"key":"bibr28-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2001.5436"},{"key":"bibr29-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2798330"},{"key":"bibr30-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(10)60127-6"},{"key":"bibr31-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2010.0417"},{"key":"bibr32-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(10)60326-3"},{"key":"bibr33-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.03.009"},{"key":"bibr34-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603510397535"},{"key":"bibr35-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509359068"},{"key":"bibr36-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.08.007"},{"key":"bibr37-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515610507"},{"key":"bibr38-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2180"},{"key":"bibr39-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510388876"},{"key":"bibr40-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.09.005"},{"key":"bibr41-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199710000-00001"},{"key":"bibr42-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B3.22558"},{"key":"bibr43-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900213"},{"key":"bibr44-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050263"},{"key":"bibr45-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.039"},{"key":"bibr46-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20123"},{"key":"bibr47-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10056"},{"key":"bibr48-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.03.042"},{"key":"bibr49-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03962.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr50-1947603516676872","first-page":"417","volume":"2","author":"Glueck CJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr51-1947603516676872","first-page":"783","volume":"30","author":"Jones LC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"277","key":"bibr52-1947603516676872","first-page":"41","author":"Jones JP.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr53-1947603516676872","first-page":"411","volume":"18","author":"Philippart P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"bibr54-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90098-4"},{"key":"bibr55-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511403282"},{"key":"bibr56-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-220"},{"key":"bibr57-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00143-4"},{"key":"bibr58-1947603516676872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511398646"}],"container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1947603516676872","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1947603516676872","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1947603516676872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:01:14Z","timestamp":1777384874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1947603516676872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1947603516676872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1947603516676872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-6035","1947-6043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-6035","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-6043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]}}}