{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T07:55:51Z","timestamp":1791705351552,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["128603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["128603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["260321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association of cartilage defect severity, as determined by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grading with indentation stiffness and T2 relaxation time of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a biomarker for the integrity of articular cartilage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-one patients scheduled for arthroscopic were included in the study. Prior to arthroscopy, subjects underwent quantitative MRI of articular cartilage, namely T2 relaxation time mapping at 1.5 T. Within 2 months, subjects underwent arthroscopy, which also included ICRS grading and measurement of arthroscopic indentation stiffness. Arthroscopic evaluations and T2 mapping at anterior, central, and posterior medial and lateral femoral condyles were correlated using a colocalization scheme. Differences in Young\u2019s modulus, as derived by indentation tests, and T2 times between ICRS grades were analyzed using Mann-Whitney\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                      or Kruskal-Wallis\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests. The correlation between modulus and T2 times was analyzed using Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Modulus and T2 showed significant topographical variation. In the anterior region of interest (ROI) on the medial condyle the modulus showed a negative association with ICRS grade (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040) and the T2 times were longer in ICRS grade 2 compared with grades 0 and 1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047). Similar, but nonsignificant associations were found in the central ROI on the medial condyle. No significant correlations were observed between the indentation modulus and T2 times.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cartilage degeneration is identified both with mechanical indentation and T2 mapping in MRI. However, in this study, indentation stiffness and T2 relaxation time\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were not associated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516684592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T05:25:51Z","timestamp":1512710751000},"page":"46-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Quantitative MRI of Human Cartilage\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    : Relationships with Arthroscopic Indentation Stiffness and Defect Severity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Sv\u00e4rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martti","family":"Lakovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terveystalo Ltd, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Pakarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Haapea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kiviranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveliina","family":"Lammentausta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Jurvelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osmo","family":"Tervonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terveystalo Ltd, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miika","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Oulun l\u00e4\u00e4ni, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"The increasing impact of arthritis on public health","volume":"60","author":"Elders MJ.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elders MJ. 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