{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:57:52Z","timestamp":1792799872152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society","award":["28-621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28-621"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03aeyg892","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is induced by accumulated mechanical stress to joints; however, little has been reported regarding the cause among detailed mechanical stress on cartilage degeneration. This study investigated the influence of the control of abnormal joint movement induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the articular cartilage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups: CAJM group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 22: controlling abnormal joint movement), ACL-T group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 22: ACL transection or knee anterior instability increased), and INTACT group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12: no surgery). After 2 and 4 weeks, the knees were harvested for digital microscopic observation, soft X-ray analysis, histological analysis, and synovial membrane molecular evaluation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 4-week OARSI scores showed that cartilage degeneration was significantly inhibited in the CAJM group as compared with the ACL-T group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). At 4 weeks, the osteophyte formation had also significantly increased in the ACL-T group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). These results reflected the microscopic scoring and soft X-ray analysis findings at 4 weeks. Real-time synovial membrane polymerase chain reaction analysis for evaluation of the osteophyte formation\u2013associated factors showed that the mRNA expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BMP-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the ACL-T group had significantly increased after 2 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Typically, abnormal mechanical stress induces osteophyte formation; however, our results demonstrated that CAJM group inhibited osteophyte formation. Therefore, controlling abnormal joint movement may be a beneficial precautionary measure for OA progression in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603517700955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T06:10:05Z","timestamp":1491891005000},"page":"391-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement Inhibits Response of Osteophyte Formation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Kokubun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Onitsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Fujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyomi","family":"Takayanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiko","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603513495889."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00150."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516654687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.10.011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23252."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","article-title":"Expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) and the TGF\u03b2 signalling molecule SMAD-2P in spontaneous and instability-induced osteoarthritis: role in cartilage degradation, chondrogenesis and osteophyte formation","volume":"65","author":"Davidson EB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davidson EB, Vitters EL, Van Der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB. Expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) and the TGF\u03b2 signalling molecule SMAD-2P in spontaneous and instability-induced osteoarthritis: role in cartilage degradation, chondrogenesis and osteophyte formation. 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