{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1793607979996,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To critically evaluate the current basic science, translational, and clinical data regarding bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in the setting of focal cartilage defects of the knee and describe clinical indications and future research questions surrounding the clinical utility of BMAC for treatment of these lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases for studies in English (1980-2017) using keywords, including [\u201cbone marrow aspirate\u201d and \u201ccartilage\u201d], [\u201cmesenchymal stem cells\u201d and \u201ccartilage\u201d], and [\u201cbone marrow aspirate\u201d and \u201cmesenchymal stem cells\u201d and \u201corthopedics\u201d]. A total of 1832 articles were reviewed by 2 independent authors and additional literature found through scanning references of cited articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BMAC has demonstrated promising results in the clinical application for repair of chondral defects as an adjuvant procedure or as an independent management technique. A subcomponent of BMAC, bone marrow derived\u2013mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into cells important for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Modulation of paracrine signaling is perhaps the most important function of BM-MSCs in this setting. In an effort to increase the cellular yield, authors have shown the ability to expand BM-MSCs in culture while maintaining phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Translational studies have demonstrated good clinical efficacy of BMAC both concomitant with cartilage restoration procedures, at defined time points after surgery, and as isolated injections. Early clinical data suggests BMAC may help stimulate a more robust hyaline cartilage repair tissue response. Numerous questions remain regarding BMAC usage, including cell source, cell expansion, optimal pathology, and injection timing and quantity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603517741169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T01:01:36Z","timestamp":1510362096000},"page":"161-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Cartilage Defects of the Knee: From Bench to Bedside Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam B.","family":"Yanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Chubinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.32839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02153.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3443-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2676-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115625481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2016.00033"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"280","article-title":"Stem cells in orthopedics: a comprehensive guide for the general orthopedist","volume":"45","author":"Saltzman BM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saltzman BM, Kuhns BD, Weber AE, Yanke A, Nho SJ. 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