{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T12:55:40Z","timestamp":1792932940421,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018269","name":"Shaffer Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AG007996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AG007996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PC1-08128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC1-08128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mouse models are commonly used in research applications due to the relatively low cost, highly characterized strains, as well as the availability of many genetically modified phenotypes. In this study, we characterized an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      murine osteochondral repair model using human infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) progenitor cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Femurs from euthanized mice were removed and clamped in a custom multidirectional vise to create cylindrical osteochondral defects 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm deep in both condyles. The IPFP contains progenitors that are a promising cell source for the repair of osteochondral defects. For proof of concept, human IPFP-derived progenitor cells, from osteoarthritic (OA) patients, cultured as pellets, were implanted into the defects and cultured in serum-free medium with TGF\u03b23 for 3 weeks and then processed for histology and immunostaining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The custom multidirectional vise enabled reproducible creation of osteochondral defects in murine femoral condyles. Implantation of IPFP-derived progenitor cells led to development of cartilaginous tissue with Safranin O staining and deposition of collagen type II in the extracellular matrix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We showed feasibility in creating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      osteochondral defects and demonstrated the regenerative potential of OA human IPFP-derived progenitors in mouse femurs. The murine model can be used to study the effects of aging and OA on tissue regeneration and to explore molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair using genetically modified mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518809402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T06:33:59Z","timestamp":1540881239000},"page":"112-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of an\n                    <i>Ex Vivo<\/i>\n                    Murine Osteochondral Repair Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thomas J. A.","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"Dorth\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley 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