{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:45:08Z","timestamp":1780454708858,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the presence of WNT antagonists Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), Frizzled-related protein (FRZB) and BMP antagonist Gremlin 1 (GREM1) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum, respectively, from end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and correlate their expression with other markers of OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional study, SF and serum were collected from OA patients ( n = 132). The concentrations of DKK1, FRZB and GREM1 in SF and serum were determined using immunoassays. Correlation measurements were performed between groups and previously assessed disease markers, such as synovium nitric oxide (NO), inerleukin-1\u03b2 (IL1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OA patients with the celecoxib treatment till surgery have higher median SF FRZB values compared with the control (no treatment); the celecoxib 3-days before surgery stopped treatment group has higher median serum FRZB values than the control and the naproxen treatment group. The combinational analysis of SF DKK1 and SF FRZB negatively correlated with macroscopic cartilage scores and histological synovium scores in OA patients. The expression of DKK1 and FRZB in SF showed the same expression trend as their expression in serum. Furthermore, the SF concentration of DKK1 was positively correlated with FRZB in both SF and serum. In contrast, it was negatively correlated with synovium NO and IL1\u03b2. SF FRZB was negatively correlated with synovium NO, IL1\u03b2, cartilage PGE2, and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest DKK1 and FRZB were negatively correlated with OA severity and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our data indicate that DKK1 and FRZB can be joint disease\u2013specific biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519841676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T02:16:47Z","timestamp":1554430607000},"page":"496-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Expressions of Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 and Frizzled-Related Protein Are Negatively Correlated to Local Inflammation and Osteoarthritis Severity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6751-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eefje","family":"van Helvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris","family":"Lafeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Mastbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine N.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the 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