{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1785765670564,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically analyze the postoperative clinical, functional, and imaging outcomes, complications, reoperations, and failures following patellofemoral cartilage restoration surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to August 31, 2018, to identify clinical studies that assessed surgical outcomes of patellofemoral cartilage restoration surgery. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess study quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-two studies were included comprising 1,311 knees (mean age of 33.7 years and 56% males) and 1,309 patellofemoral defects (891 patella, 254 trochlear, 95 bipolar, and 69 multiple defects, including the patella or trochlea) at a mean follow-up of 59.2 months. Restoration techniques included autologous chondrocyte implantation (56%), particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (12%), autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (9%), osteochondral autologous transplantation (9%), and osteochondral allograft transplantation (7%). Significant improvement in at least one score was present in almost all studies and these surpassed the minimal clinically important difference threshold. There was a weighted 19%, 35%, and 6% rate of reported complications, reoperations, and failures, respectively. Concomitant patellofemoral surgery (51% of patients) mostly did not lead to statistically different postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous patellofemoral restoration techniques result in significant functional improvement with a low rate of failure. No definitive conclusions could be made to determine the best surgical technique since comparative studies on this topic are rare, and treatment choice should be made according to specific patient and defect characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of level II to IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519893076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T07:34:43Z","timestamp":1576568083000},"page":"57S-73S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Renato","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betina B.","family":"Hinckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Gruskay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Vasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Department, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2013Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Miguel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2013Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui L.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2013Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Gomoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7429-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Espregueira-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - 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