{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:26:06Z","timestamp":1783340766048,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to demonstrate that electroarthrography (EAG) measures streaming potentials originating in the cartilage extracellular matrix during load bearing through electrodes adhered to skin surrounding an articular joint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine metacarpophalangeal joints were subjected to simulated physiological loads while (1) replacing synovial fluid with immersion buffers of different electrolyte concentrations and (2) directly degrading cartilage with trypsin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An inverse relationship between ionic strength and EAG coefficient was detected. Compared to native synovial fluid, EAG coefficients increased ( P &lt; 0.05) for 5 of 6 electrodes immersed in 0.1X phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.014 M NaCl), decreased ( P &lt; 0.05) for 4 of 6 electrodes in 1X PBS (0.14 M NaCl), and decreased ( P &lt; 0.05) for all 6 electrodes in 10X PBS (1.4 M NaCl). This relationship corresponds to similar studies where streaming potentials were directly measured on cartilage. EAG coefficients, obtained after trypsin degradation, were reduced ( P &lt; 0.05) in 6 of 8, and 7 of 8 electrodes, during simulated standing and walking, respectively. Trypsin degradation was confirmed by direct cartilage assessments. Streaming potentials, measured by directly contacting cartilage, indicated lower cartilage stiffness ( P &lt; 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Unconfined compression data revealed reduced Em, representing proteoglycan matrix stiffness ( P = 0.005), no change in Ef, representing collagen network stiffness ( P = 0.15), and no change in permeability ( P = 0.24). Trypsin depleted proteoglycan as observed by both dimethylmethylene blue assay ( P = 0.0005) and safranin-O stained histological sections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data show that non-invasive EAG detects streaming potentials produced by cartilage during joint compression and has potential to become a diagnostic tool capable of detecting early cartilage degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520928583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T08:26:23Z","timestamp":1591345583000},"page":"375S-385S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-invasive Electroarthrography Measures Load-Induced Cartilage Streaming Potentials via Electrodes Placed on Skin Surrounding an Articular Joint"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0175-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Changoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Garon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomomentum Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Quenneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomomentum Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelley B.","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Savard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Buschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Hurtig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603515586048"},{"key":"bibr2-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60802-3"},{"key":"bibr3-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3046"},{"key":"bibr4-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603515602307"},{"key":"bibr5-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.004"},{"key":"bibr6-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90282-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00197-X","volume":"35","author":"Garon M","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"bibr8-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679509157645"},{"key":"bibr9-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050405"},{"key":"bibr10-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00002-5"},{"key":"bibr11-1947603520928583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P, Yaroshinsky A, et al. 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