{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1777478373902,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007710","name":"University of Connecticut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REP-18-19-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REP-18-19-223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH: 9R01 AR072985-05A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH: 9R01 AR072985-05A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SY: 5K08DE025914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SY: 5K08DE025914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Employ an automated indentation technique, using a commercially available machine, to assess the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression on structural stiffness over the surface of both murine femoral articular cartilage (AC) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experiments were performed using 3-month-old female homozygote Fgf2KO mice with wild type (WT) littermates. After euthanization, isolated mandibles and hindlimbs were either processed for histology or subjected to automated indentation on a Biomomentum Mach-1 v500csst with a 3-axis motion controller in a phosphate buffered saline bath using a 0.3 mm spherical tip indenter. The effect of indentation depth on normal force was characterized, then structural stiffness was calculated and mapped at multiple positions on the AC and MCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated indentation of the AC and TMJ MCC was successfully completed and was able to demonstrate both regional variation in structural stiffness and differences between WT and Fgf2KO mice. Structural stiffness values for Fgf2KO AC were significantly smaller than WT at both the medial\/anterior ( P &lt; 0.05) and medial\/posterior ( P &lt; 0.05) positions. Global Fgf2KO also lead to a decrease in MCC thickness of the TMJ compared with WT ( P &lt; 0.05) and increased structural stiffness values for Fgf2KO at both the posterior and anterior location ( P &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated indentation spatially resolved differences in structural stiffness between WT and Fgf2KO tissue, demonstrating FGF2 expression affects femoral AC and TMJ MCC. This quantitative method will provide a valuable approach for functional characterization of cartilage tissues in murine models relevant to knee joint and TMJ health and disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520962565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T04:05:57Z","timestamp":1601697957000},"page":"1513S-1521S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Automated Indentation Demonstrates Structural Stiffness of Femoral Articular Cartilage and Temporomandibular Joint Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Is Altered in FgF2KO Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paige S.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mahonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7140-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tannin A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283494005"},{"key":"bibr2-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00335"},{"key":"bibr3-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2838062"},{"key":"bibr4-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.08.010"},{"key":"bibr5-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1857-3"},{"key":"bibr6-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27230"},{"key":"bibr7-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24654"},{"key":"bibr8-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.06.014"},{"key":"bibr9-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24418"},{"key":"bibr10-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0298-201"},{"key":"bibr11-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.02.463"},{"key":"bibr12-1947603520962565","unstructured":"Sim S, Matuska A, Garon M, Quenneville E, McFetridge P, Buschmann M. Cartilage stiffness and thickness distributions revealed by an automated indentation technique in the temporomandibular joint. Accessed September 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.biomomentum.com\/publications\/cartilage-stiffness-and-thickness-distributions-revealed-by-an-automated-indentation-technique-in-the-temporomandibular-joint\/"},{"key":"bibr13-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.06.031"},{"key":"bibr14-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23330"},{"key":"bibr15-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90348-7"},{"key":"bibr16-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2796069"},{"key":"bibr17-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150404"},{"key":"bibr18-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-231"},{"key":"bibr19-1947603520962565","volume":"293","author":"Wang Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr20-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24039"},{"key":"bibr21-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106497"},{"key":"bibr22-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514535807"},{"key":"bibr23-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091375"},{"key":"bibr24-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.02.008"},{"key":"bibr25-1947603520962565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11233"},{"key":"bibr26-1947603520962565","first-page":"687","author":"Seitz A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"}],"container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1947603520962565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1947603520962565","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1947603520962565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:02:21Z","timestamp":1777384941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1947603520962565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1947603520962565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1947603520962565","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-6035","1947-6043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-6035","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-6043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]}}}