{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:38:56Z","timestamp":1791812336469,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Empire State Stem Cell Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A major obstacle in the clinical translation of engineered auricular scaffolds is the significant contraction and loss of topography that occur during maturation of the soft collagen-chondrocyte matrix into elastic cartilage. We hypothesized that 3-dimensional-printed, biocompatible scaffolds would \u201cprotect\u201d maturing hydrogel constructs from contraction and loss of topography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>External disc-shaped and \u201cridged\u201d scaffolds were designed and 3D-printed using polylactic acid (PLA). Acellular type I collagen constructs were cultured in vitro for up to 3 months. Collagen constructs seeded with bovine auricular chondrocytes (BAuCs) were prepared in 3 groups and implanted subcutaneously in vivo for 3 months: preformed discs with (\u201cScaffolded\/S\u201d) or without (\u201cNaked\/N\u201d) an external scaffold and discs that were formed within an external scaffold via injection molding (\u201cInjection Molded\/SInj\u201d).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of an external scaffold or use of injection molding methodology did not affect the acellular construct volume or base area loss. In vivo, the presence of an external scaffold significantly improved preservation of volume and base area at 3 months compared to the naked group ( P &lt; 0.05). Construct contraction was mitigated even further in the injection molded group, and topography of the ridged constructs was maintained with greater fidelity ( P &lt; 0.05). Histology verified the development of mature auricular cartilage in the constructs within external scaffolds after 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Custom-designed, 3D-printed, biocompatible external scaffolds significantly mitigate BAuC-seeded construct contraction and maintain complex topography. Further refinement and scaling of this approach in conjunction with construct fabrication utilizing injection molding may aid in the development of full-scale auricular scaffolds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035211049556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T19:14:34Z","timestamp":1634152474000},"page":"1780S-1789S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Three-Dimensional-Printed External Scaffolds Mitigate Loss of Volume and Topography in Engineered Elastic Cartilage Constructs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishani D.","family":"Premaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime L.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongkil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Bonassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"},{"name":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198007000-00002"},{"key":"bibr2-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199308000-00001"},{"key":"bibr3-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200307000-00016"},{"key":"bibr4-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10068"},{"key":"bibr5-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181aa0e79"},{"key":"bibr6-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318170709e"},{"key":"bibr7-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14444"},{"key":"bibr8-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34222"},{"key":"bibr9-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1239448"},{"key":"bibr10-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003374"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr11-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198711000-00033","volume":"91","author":"Wellisz T.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"bibr12-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.30"},{"key":"bibr13-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33639"},{"key":"bibr14-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2016.0073"},{"key":"bibr15-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34264"},{"key":"bibr16-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.019"},{"key":"bibr17-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0627"},{"key":"bibr18-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0323"},{"key":"bibr19-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000069711.31021.94"},{"key":"bibr20-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0442"},{"key":"bibr21-19476035211049556","unstructured":"National Research Council (US), Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (US), National Academies Press (US), eds. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th ed. National Academies Press; 2011."},{"key":"bibr22-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.011"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr23-19476035211049556","volume":"8","author":"Tripathee S","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4299-4","volume":"274","author":"Kolodzynski MN","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"bibr25-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/373286"},{"key":"bibr26-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-018-0198-5"},{"key":"bibr27-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.004"},{"key":"bibr28-19476035211049556","unstructured":"Kajzar AW. Myocytes in 3D: resting and contraction force analysis under nature-like conditions. Available from: https:\/\/ruj.uj.edu.pl\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/item\/38432\/kajzar_myocytes_in_3d_resting_and_contraction_force_analysis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"bibr29-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81279-9"},{"key":"bibr30-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084952102000940"},{"key":"bibr31-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1890"},{"key":"bibr32-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000258849.76630.d2"},{"key":"bibr33-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27200"},{"key":"bibr34-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA06987A"},{"key":"bibr35-19476035211049556","unstructured":"Rosato DV, Rosato MG. Injection molding handbook. Springer; 2020."},{"key":"bibr36-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.033"},{"key":"bibr37-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-002-0446-1"},{"key":"bibr38-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03179348"},{"key":"bibr39-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199708000-00001"},{"key":"bibr40-19476035211049556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202356"}],"container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19476035211049556","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19476035211049556","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19476035211049556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1777384961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19476035211049556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19476035211049556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19476035211049556","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-6035","1947-6043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-6035","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-6043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]}}}