{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:19:54Z","timestamp":1789175994564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022115","name":"Dutch Arthritis Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LLP12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022115","name":"Dutch Arthritis Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LLP22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Folate receptor beta (FR-\u03b2) has been used as a clinical marker and target in multiple inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the conditions under which FR-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages arise remain unclear and could be affected by corticosteroids. Therefore, we studied FR-\u03b2 expression in vitro in macrophage subtypes and determined their response to triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a clinically often-used corticosteroid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human monocyte\u2013derived macrophages were differentiated to the known M0, M1, or M2 macrophage phenotypes. The phenotype and FR-\u03b2 expression and plasticity of the macrophage subtypes were determined using flow cytometry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FR-\u03b2 expression was low in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-generated (M1-like) macrophages and high in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-generated (M0 and M2-like) macrophages. FR-\u03b2 expression remained high once the M0 or M2 macrophages were stimulated with pro-inflammatory stimuli (interferon-\u03b3 plus lipopolysaccharide) to induce M1-like macrophages. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory TA treatment skewed GM-CSF macrophage differentiation toward an M2 and FR-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As corticosteroids skewed monocytes toward an FR-\u03b2-expressing, anti-inflammatory phenotype, even in an M1 priming GM-CSF environment, FR-\u03b2 has potential as a biomarker to monitor success of treatment with corticosteroids. Without corticosteroid treatment, M-CSF alone induces high FR-\u03b2 expression which remains high under pro-inflammatory conditions. This explains why pro-inflammatory FR-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages (exposed to M-CSF) are observed in arthritis patients and correlate with disease severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221081469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T02:02:05Z","timestamp":1646704925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Folate Receptor Expression by Human Monocyte\u2013Derived Macrophage Subtypes and Effects of Corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Warmink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Siebelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Riemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia G. M.","family":"Plomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna A.","family":"Tryfonidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Ren\u00e9","family":"van Weeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrie","family":"Weinans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoline M.","family":"Korthagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The 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