{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:03:27Z","timestamp":1777478607180,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China","award":["HGKY2019099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HGKY2019099"]}]},{"name":"the program for Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team","award":["SZY20220315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZY20220315"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty Project","award":["shslczdzk03901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shslczdzk03901"]}]},{"name":"the Key Clinical Discipline Construction Project \u201cOrthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine\u201d","award":["2017Z02024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017Z02024"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","award":["22Y21920200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22Y21920200"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Musculoskeletal Health","award":["20MC1920600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20MC1920600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b12-Macroglobulin (A2M) can prevent cartilage degeneration by blocking many types of cartilage-degrading enzymes, but the mechanism remains to be clarified. This study aimed to test that A2M protects against cartilage degeneration by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis via inducing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cartilage degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model was evaluated by Safranin O-fast green staining, and articular cartilage degeneration was graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI)-modified Mankin criteria. The chondrocyte proliferation was detected by 5-Bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU), MTT, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) methods. The chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and Annexin PI staining with the flow cytometer. The glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and aggrecan in culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression. The PCNA protein expression was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescent staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A2M can attenuate cartilage degeneration in ACLT rats. The OARSI scores for cartilage degeneration in the A2M group were lower than those in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. A2M can promote chondrocyte proliferation and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis, promote the cartilage matrix synthesis in chondrocytes (type II collagen and aggrecan), and culture supernatant (sGAG and aggrecan). At the same time, it also up-regulated the PCNA protein expression in chondrocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A2M can promote chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis via inducing PCNA expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035231207776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:44:40Z","timestamp":1698108280000},"page":"202-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b12-Macroglobulin Promotes Chondrocyte Proliferation and Cartilage Matrix Synthesis via Inducing PCNA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6344-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shi\u2019s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Institute of Traumatology &amp; Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shi\u2019s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Institute of Traumatology &amp; Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shi\u2019s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Institute of Traumatology &amp; Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60802-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.10.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"Articular cartilage and changes in arthritis. 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