{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:29:38Z","timestamp":1793824178526,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xu Jiang","award":["L222089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222089"]}]},{"name":"Hui Qi","award":["QN-2023-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QN-2023-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015bdn754","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cheng\u2019ai Wu","award":["BMC2019-9, BMC2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMC2019-9, BMC2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Danping Liu","award":["81572140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) may modulate the M1\/M2 polarization of macrophages during osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanisms of BMSC-Exos in this process still need to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of BMSC-Exos in the polarization of macrophages\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the OA rats\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of BMSC-Exos on RAW264.7 cells were determined, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protein expression of Akt, PINK1, and Parkin. We prepared an OA model by resecting the anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus of Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) and safranin O-fast green staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses, and the examination of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were performed to assess changes in cartilage and synovium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BMSC-Exos inhibited mitochondrial membrane damage, ROS production, and the protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin. Akt phosphorylation was downregulated under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction but significantly recovered after treatment with BMSC-Exos. BMSC-Exos alleviated cartilage damage, inhibited M1 polarization, and promoted M2 polarization in the synovium in OA rats. The expression of PINK1 and Parkin in the synovium and the levels of IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 in the serum decreased, but the level of IL-10 increased when BMSC-Exos were used in OA rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BMSC-Exos ameliorate OA development by regulating synovial macrophage polarization, and one of the underlying mechanisms may be through inhibiting PINK1\/Parkin signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035241245805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T05:42:50Z","timestamp":1713591770000},"page":"220-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["BMSC-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Rat Osteoarthritis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization through PINK1\/Parkin Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7948-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beibei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enpu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2019ai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Innate inflammation and synovial macrophages in osteoarthritis pathophysiology","volume":"37","author":"Griffin TM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffin TM, Scanzello CR. 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