{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:32:06Z","timestamp":1793701926722,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee bursae are potential sources of anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior knee pain, yet many remain under-recognized in clinical practice. Emerging biological therapies offer promising, minimally invasive options for resistant bursitis, but high-level evidence is limited for several bursal types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes of 11 distinct knee bursae, with emphasis on the role of biologic therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and Embase were searched (2000-2024) for studies addressing anatomy, diagnosis, imaging, treatment (conservative, injection-based, biologic, or surgical), and outcomes of knee bursae. Studies involving human subjects, published in English, and reporting clinical, imaging, or therapeutic data were included. Levels of Evidence (LOE) were assigned using Oxford criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 76 studies were included. Several randomized controlled trials (LOE I) focused on pes anserine and OA-related bursitis, while additional Level II studies assessed PRP and corticosteroids. Data on rare bursae (e.g., LCL, deep infrapatellar) were primarily derived from imaging reviews and case series (LOE III-IV). Corticosteroid injections showed recurrence rates of 20% to 40%. PRP and PRP+HA demonstrated improved pain relief and reduced recurrence in selected bursae, although protocols remain heterogeneous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conservative management remains first-line for most bursae. PRP-based therapies, especially in pes anserine and OA-related bursitis, offer promising alternatives in refractory cases. Although several Level I-II studies support their efficacy, additional high-quality RCTs are warranted\u2014particularly for understudied bursae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035251362434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1763205052000},"page":"1268-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Knee Bursae: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Evaluation, Imaging Differentiation, and the Expanding Role of Biologic Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8724-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmod","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6466-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaron","family":"Berkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4762-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaniv","family":"Steinfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lior","family":"Ben Zvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2649-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Abu Alhija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Ginesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4161-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaniv","family":"Yonai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-003-0741-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"229","author":"Allen GM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allen GM, Jacobson JA. 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