{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:26:41Z","timestamp":1793741201224,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Civilian Foundation of Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-C102-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-C102-049"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/007h4qe29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate water and lipid composition changes in knee subchondral bone marrow and cartilage in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and T2 mapping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This IRB-approved case-control study included 20 CKD patients (12 men, 8 women) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (10 men, 10 women). MRS and T2 measurements were performed on regions of interest in the knee subchondral bone and cartilage. Water content, lipid composition, fat content, and the unsaturation index (UI) were quantified using LCModel. Differences between groups were assessed using independent samples\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CKD group showed a significantly higher lipid UI compared with controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035). In subgroup analysis, women with CKD had significantly higher water content (4.7 ppm), lower fat content, and higher lipid UI than female controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023, 0.048, and 0.018, respectively). No significant differences were observed between men with CKD and male controls (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.4). Among CKD patients, men had significantly lower lipid composition (5.3 ppm) and lipid UI compared with women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026 and 0.012, respectively). T2 values were significantly elevated in CKD patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016 for men;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031 for women).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative MRS and T2 mapping are feasible tools for assessing CKD-related changes in the knee joint. Increased unsaturated lipid content and water in subchondral bone may contribute to early degenerative changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035251411056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:20:11Z","timestamp":1772148011000},"page":"1445-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and T2 Mapping for Evaluating Knee Subchondral Bone and Cartilage Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Juei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chih","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skye Hsin-Hsien","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Center, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herng-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Shu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200301000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03672-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with chronic kidney disease in osteoarthritis patients at Kenyatta National Hospital","volume":"14","author":"Muyodi MM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muyodi MM, Oyoo G, Bhatt K, Kayima J, Ochieng D, Were A, et al. 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