{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:52:48Z","timestamp":1791039168360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CARTILAGE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate a 3D-printed acellular polymer scaffold combined with microfracture for repairing critical-sized cartilage defects in a goat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six goats received bilateral 10 mm femoral condyle defects. In a paired design, one knee received microfracture plus a scaffold (95% or 45% infill); the contralateral control received microfracture alone (final n = 6). At 16 weeks, repair was assessed via histology (modified ICRS II), immunohistochemistry, and polarized light microscopy. Histological analysis included three scaffold-treated and three control defects; others were excluded due to loosening or processing issues. The pathologist was unblinded. The scaffold contains non-resorbable, non-degradable nylon 12; remnants persist permanently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 95% infill scaffold handled poorly with poor integration. The 45% infill scaffold demonstrated superior handling and integration, achieving significantly higher median ICRS II scores than microfracture alone (44 vs. 33, p &lt; 0.05), with enhanced cellularity, zonal organization, and type II collagen. Scaffold remnants were surrounded by CD68-positive macrophages, indicating a chronic foreign body response to the non-resorbable material, with associated neovascularization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 45% infill scaffold improved histological cartilage repair versus microfracture alone at 16 weeks. These preliminary findings support its selection for pivotal studies with larger samples, longer follow-up, and blinded assessment. However, because nylon 12 is non-resorbable, remnants persist permanently, with important implications for long-term stability, safety, biocompatibility, and the mechanism of tissue repair. Results should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and short follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035261487354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1790842746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repair of Full Thickness Articular Cartilage Using a 3D-Printed Acellular Polymer Implant in a Caprine Model: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Medeiros Savi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology"},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2526-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanochon, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanochon, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Kandlikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARE Research, LLC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charter Preclinical Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Aram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Innovation Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19970601-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508328414"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311401"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0801"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0452"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","volume-title":"F2451-05 Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular Cartilage","author":"ASTM International","year":"2005","unstructured":"ASTM International. 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