{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:27:46Z","timestamp":1777876066588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R3345A15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R3345A15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R5851A03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R5851A03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R5851A04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R5851A04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Psychological and Personality Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is harmful and prevalent, but leaving abusive partners is often challenging due to investments (e.g., children, shared memories). Identifying warning signs of abuse early on is one prevention strategy to help people avoid abusive long-term relationships. Using university and online samples, the present studies identified warning signs and protective factors that predicted overall, physical, psychological, and sexual abuse cross-sectionally (Study 1) and prospectively over 6 months (Study 2). These studies demonstrated that the number of warning signs a person experienced and the frequency with which they experienced those warning signs predicted overall abuse. Seven warning signs emerged as predictors in both studies (e.g., \u201cMy partner acted arrogant or entitled\u201d), suggesting that they are particularly important for identifying potentially abusive relationships. This is the first research to identify warning signs that prospectively predict abuse; findings have implications for IPV prevention efforts in academic and public contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19485506231209076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1702285222000},"page":"192-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Predictive Validity of Intimate Partner Violence Warning Signs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolyn","family":"Charlot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Joel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorne","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.03.003"},{"key":"bibr2-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77650-7_34"},{"key":"bibr3-19485506231209076","unstructured":"Black M. C., Basile K. C., Breiding M. J., Smith S. G., Walters M. L., Merrick M. T., Chen J., Stevens M. R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"bibr5-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1157"},{"key":"bibr6-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.3.2.231"},{"key":"bibr7-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013517559"},{"key":"bibr8-19485506231209076","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: Strategies for improving public health","author":"Fisher J. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr9-19485506231209076","unstructured":"Genuer R., Poggi J., Tuleau-Malot C. (2019). VSURF: Variable selection using random forests (Version 1.1.0) [Computer software]. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/VSURF\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr10-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2015-018"},{"key":"bibr11-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00679"},{"key":"bibr12-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771003705213"},{"key":"bibr13-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917036117"},{"key":"bibr14-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353683"},{"key":"bibr15-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2009.00634.x"},{"key":"bibr16-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518805105"},{"key":"bibr17-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1617.2008.00215.x"},{"key":"bibr18-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1617.2008.00215.x"},{"key":"bibr19-19485506231209076","unstructured":"Liaw A., Wiener M. (2018). randomForest: Breiman and Cutler\u2019s random forests for classification and regression (Version 4.6.14) [Computer software]. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/randomForest\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr20-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509334392"},{"key":"bibr21-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-012-9424-6"},{"key":"bibr22-19485506231209076","unstructured":"Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. (2017, February 6). Early warning signs of dating violence. https:\/\/www.rainn.org\/news\/early-warning-signs-dating-violence"},{"key":"bibr23-19485506231209076","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"bibr24-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505280344"},{"key":"bibr25-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(80)90007-4"},{"key":"bibr26-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167295216002"},{"key":"bibr27-19485506231209076","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of interpersonal violence","author":"Short L. M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr28-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10778010022181840"},{"key":"bibr29-19485506231209076","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications","author":"West S. G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr30-19485506231209076","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2012). Intimate partner violence. In Understanding and addressing violence against women (Sexual and reproductive health). https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/violence\/vaw_series\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr31-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617693393"},{"key":"bibr32-19485506231209076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031137"},{"key":"bibr33-19485506231209076","unstructured":"Zhang Z., Mai Y., Yang M. (2022). WebPower: Basic and advanced statistical power analysis (Version 0.8.6) [Computer software]. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=WebPower"}],"container-title":["Social Psychological and Personality Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19485506231209076","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19485506231209076","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19485506231209076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:13:56Z","timestamp":1777587236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19485506231209076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19485506231209076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19485506231209076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-5506","1948-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-5506","type":"print"},{"value":"1948-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]}}}