{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:37:01Z","timestamp":1789994221162,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07559-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07559-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/25429-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/25429-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search for a reliable neuroimaging biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a matter of intense research. The presence of cerebral microbleeds seems to be a potential biomarker. However, it is not clear if the presence of microbleeds has clinical usefulness to differentiate mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment from normal aging. We aimed to verify if microbleed prevalence differs among three groups: mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and normal controls. Moreover, we studied whether microbleeds were associated with apolipoprotein E allele \u025b4 status, cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta, total and phosphorylated tau protein levels, vascular factors, and cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients, 34 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 36 cognitively normal elderly subjects underwent: magnetic resonance imaging with a susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence on a 3T scanner, apolipoprotein E genotyping and a full neuropsychological evaluation. Only amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis. We compared the groups and verified if microbleeds were predicted by all other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease presented a higher prevalence of apolipoprotein E allele \u025b4 in relation to amnestic mild cognitive impairment and control group. No significant differences were found between groups when considering microbleed presence. Logistic regression tests failed to find any relationship between microbleeds and the variables. We performed three different regression models using different independent variables: Model 1\u2009-\u2009amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau protein, total tau, apolipoprotein E allele \u025b4 status, age, and sex; Model 2\u2009-\u2009vascular risk factors, age, and sex; Model 3\u2009-\u2009cognitive scores sex, age, and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although microbleeds might be related to the Alzheimer\u2019s disease process, their presence is not a good candidate for a neuroimaging biomarker of the disease, especially in its early phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamires NC","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroImage Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Fl\u00e1via MK","family":"Carletti-Cassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroImage Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto CS","family":"Amato Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, UNICAMP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena PG","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 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