{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:40:37Z","timestamp":1777876837422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this article is to investigate the association between specific MR imaging findings and histopathologic grading (low-grade vs. high-grade) of brainstem gliomas (BSGs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-two males and 34 females (mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 24.61 (17.20) years, range\u2009=\u20093 to 70 years) with histologically diagnosed BSG underwent conventional 1.5\u2009T MR imaging, which included T1-weighted (T1W), T2W, and post-contrast T1W sequences. There were 39 children (mean age of 9.38 years) and 57 adults (mean age of 35 years). A binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations between MRI features and histopathological grade of the BSG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Binary logistic regression revealed that necrosis (adjusted odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u200916.07; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20093.20 to 80.52; p\u2009=\u20090.001) and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20098.04; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.73 to 37.41; p\u2009=\u20090.008) as significant predictors of high-grade BSG. The equation (Nagelkerke R\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090.575) is Logit ( p high-grade BSG)\u2009=\u2009(2.77\u2009\u00d7\u2009necrosis)\u2009+\u2009(2.08\u2009\u00d7\u2009heterogeneous contrast enhancement) \u2013 3.13. Sensitivity and specificity values were respectively 66.7% and 96.0% for necrosis and 85.7% and 65.9% for inhomogeneous contrast-enhancing lesions. In the pediatric age group, only inhomogeneous contrast enhancement (adjusted OR\u2009=\u200940; 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.95 to 445.73; p\u2009=\u20090.002) was a significant predictor for high-grade BSG.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional MR imaging features such as necrosis and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement in adults and heterogeneous contrast enhancement in children suggest high-grade BSG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400917743099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T06:23:05Z","timestamp":1510899785000},"page":"10-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brainstem glioma: Prediction of histopathologic grade based on conventional MR imaging"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yashar","family":"Moharamzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Sanei Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shohada Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Niaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shohada Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Shobeiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov189"},{"key":"bibr2-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0335"},{"key":"bibr3-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.05.015"},{"key":"bibr4-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-012-0428-8"},{"key":"bibr5-1971400917743099","first-page":"558","volume":"27","author":"Tasic G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr6-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4"},{"key":"bibr7-1971400917743099","first-page":"95","volume":"3","author":"Vigneswaran K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"bibr8-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9545-1"},{"key":"bibr9-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2013.01.001"},{"key":"bibr10-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.165656"},{"key":"bibr11-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00180"},{"key":"bibr12-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29920"},{"key":"bibr13-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/65711810"},{"key":"bibr14-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(03)00048-X"},{"key":"bibr15-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.174250"},{"key":"bibr16-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100014293"},{"key":"bibr17-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor215"},{"key":"bibr18-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4732-0"},{"key":"bibr19-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v8.i1.1"},{"key":"bibr20-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.PEDS1167"},{"key":"bibr21-1971400917743099","first-page":"1989","volume":"24","author":"Law M","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr22-1971400917743099","first-page":"64","volume":"9","author":"Chishty IA","year":"2010","journal-title":"JLUMHS"},{"key":"bibr23-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2528"},{"key":"bibr24-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.03.009"},{"key":"bibr25-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.162709"},{"key":"bibr26-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.2.2153310"},{"key":"bibr27-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1589-9"},{"key":"bibr28-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.272065155"},{"key":"bibr29-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2010.03.002"},{"key":"bibr30-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10007"},{"key":"bibr31-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14180"},{"key":"bibr32-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.07.017"},{"key":"bibr33-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600506"},{"key":"bibr34-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091202500108"},{"key":"bibr35-1971400917743099","first-page":"265","volume":"162","author":"Gurwara S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"key":"bibr36-1971400917743099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400916688354"}],"container-title":["The Neuroradiology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1971400917743099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1971400917743099","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1971400917743099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:34:16Z","timestamp":1777588456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1971400917743099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1971400917743099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1971400917743099","relation":{},"ISSN":["1971-4009","2385-1996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1971-4009","type":"print"},{"value":"2385-1996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]}}}