{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:42:45Z","timestamp":1777876965680,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) signal changes in the draining vein of deep-seated arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a retrospective study of 32 patients with deep-seated AVMs who were treated with SRS. Pre-SRS treatment and post-SRS treatment MRI were performed at 6, 12, and 24-month intervals. Deep-seated AVMs were classified based on their anatomical location and venous drainage pattern. AVM nidal volume (cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was estimated using the ABC\/2 method. AV shunting of the AVM draining veins were graded according to its SWI signal intensity: hyperintense (grade III), mixed signal intensity (grade II), hypointense (grade I) and absent (grade 0). Conventional time-of-flight (TOF)-MRA and contrast enhanced (CE)-MRA sequences were performed to document the patency of the vein.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-SRS treatment AVM draining veins were either grade III 18\/32 (56%) or grade II 14\/32 (44%). Using mixed effects analysis, we demonstrate that each month following the SRS treatment nidal volumes decreased at the rate of 0.51\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/per month (CI \u22120.61 to (\u22120.40)) p =.00. Following the treatment, there was a clinically significant relationship between the signal and nidal volume: signal 0 corresponded with average nidal volume of 1.81\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (CI 1.40\u20132.21), signal 1 with nidal volume of 2.06\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (CI 1.69\u20132.44), signal 2 with nidal volume 2.73\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (CI 2.35\u20133.11) and signal 3 with nidal volume 3.13\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (CI 2.70\u20133.56) p = .00.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-SRS AVM draining veins shows a stepwise regression of the SWI signal grades which can be reliably used as a surrogate to monitor the reduction of AV shunting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009221140536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:57:05Z","timestamp":1669078625000},"page":"414-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Susceptibility weighted imaging for qualitative grading of persistent arteriovenous shunting in deep-seated arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiation surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0803-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlie Chia-Tsong","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Lumus Imaging, Varsity Lakes, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Fomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Queensland Xray, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Brideaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahendrah","family":"Jaya Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Queensland Xray, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Queensland Xray, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 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