{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:34:57Z","timestamp":1779323697880,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptomeningeal myelomatosis is a rare complication of multiple myeloma (&lt;1% of the patients). There was an increase in the incidence of leptomeningeal myelomatosis during the last decade; the prognosis of leptomeningeal myelomatosis remains poor, (overall median survival from the time of diagnosis of 2\u00a0months). We discuss a rare case of a monoclonal gammopathy evolving into multiple myeloma and finally into a rapidly progressing leptomeningeal disease. A 76\u00a0year-old woman in hematologic follow-up for advanced stage multiple myeloma in sixth-line treatment had an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure with sphincter release followed by altered state of consciousness. The unenhanced head CT scan showed a mild enlargement of the ventricular system without intra-axial or extra-axial hemorrhages nor significant changes in brain parenchyma. The subsequent contrast-enhanced brain MRI revealed a widespread nodular leptomeningeal enhancement characterized by contrast-enhancement of the pia mater extended into the subarachnoid spaces of the sulci and cisterns, involving supra- and sub-tentorial regions and the statoacoustic nerve in the inner ear canal bilaterally. The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI images demonstrated an abnormally elevated signal within the sulci in the parieto-occipital regions. The radiological diagnosis of leptomeningeal myelomatosis was made. The patient died 4 days after the examination. In patients with long-lasting multiple myeloma and onset of neurological signs or symptoms, a contrast-enhanced brain MRI should be performed to assess the actual burden of central nervous system involvement in leptomeningeal myelomatosis; CT may provide a clue to the diagnosis when progressive enlargement of the ventricles over time is noted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009221150849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T21:06:00Z","timestamp":1673384760000},"page":"616-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Imaging findings in a case of leptomeningeal myelomatosis, a rare but critical central nervous system complication of multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Parillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy."},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Roma, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Vaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy."},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Roma, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Cosimo","family":"Quattrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy."},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 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