{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:43:36Z","timestamp":1777877016137,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aimed to investigate potential alterations in iron deposition within pulvinar, using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) MRI in epilepsy patients through a biomarker termed the \u201chypointense pulvinar sign.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A full-text radiological information system search of radiological reports was performed for the term \u201cepilepsy\u201d between 2014 and 2022. Only patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy were included. SWI was assessed by two readers recording lateralization of an asymmetrically more hypointense pulvinar. Cohen\u2019s kappa for inter-rater reliability was calculated. Fisher\u2019s exact test was performed to assess for significance between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our epilepsy cohort comprised 105 patients with following diagnoses: 45 intra-axial tumor, 13 meningioma, 13 MRI negative, 12 encephalomalacia, seven siderosis, six cavernoma, five arteriovenous malformation, two acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, one tuberous sclerosis, one giant aneurysm. The hypointense pulvinar sign was correct in 44% of cases. Notably, right hemispheric lesions exhibited a significantly higher proportion of correct hypointense pulvinar signs compared to the left hemisphere (46% vs 24%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044). Inter-rater reliability was substantial at 0.62 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Only two of 21 (10%) of healthy controls demonstrated a hypointense pulvinar sign, which was significantly different from the epilepsy cohort (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hypointense pulvinar sign has proven to be a reproducible, simple to use biomarker for iron deposition in epilepsy which could be considered for inclusion into multimodal precision medicine models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009241303050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T20:19:03Z","timestamp":1733170743000},"page":"337-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The hypointense pulvinar sign on susceptibility weighed magnetic resonance imaging: A visual biomarker for iron deposition in epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Martella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ludovichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Nierobisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Oberm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6257-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Gunzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Heesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qeumars","family":"Hamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Terziev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Galovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Kulcsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolin","family":"Hainc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0829-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91267-v"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"216","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging of acute excitotoxic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Moritani T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moritani T, Smoker WRK, Sato Y, et al. 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