{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:19:10Z","timestamp":1788412750198,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroradiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interpretation of imaging findings after radiation can be challenging in patients with high-grade glioma. Appearance of contrast-enhancing lesions during follow-up imaging poses difficulty in differentiating true progression from treatment-related changes. In the current study, we report patterns and clinical outcomes of radiation-induced subependymal enhancement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with histopathological diagnosis of HGG developing radiation-induced contrast enhancement in the subependymal region were considered in the retrospective study. The subependymal enhancement was required to be in the high-dose region of radiotherapy. Patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which included T1-contrast, T2-weighted, perfusion, and spectroscopy. Confirmation of radiation changes rather than disease progression was decided based on regression or stability of concerned findings on follow-up imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four patients were included in the analysis. The median time from radiotherapy to onset of subependymal enhancement was 15\u00a0months. The enhancement pattern was feathery, nodular, and linear in 53%, 35%, and 3% of patients, respectively. A T2-hyperintense signal with a hypointense rim was seen in 74% of patients. Majority of these lesions were isoperfused (26%) or hypoperfused (47%). The median radiological follow-up after onset of subependymal enhancement was 7\u00a0months (range 1\u201361\u00a0months). At final follow-up, complete resolution, partial regression, and stable findings of the concerned enhancement were seen in 18%, 38%, and 44%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subependymal enhancement can be seen following radiation, which should be considered during the evaluation of follow-up imaging. Multiparametric MRI with specific contrast patterns, T2-weighted findings, and perfusion imaging can help identify radiation-induced enhancement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009251414342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1767636400000},"page":"513-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of radiation-induced subependymal enhancement in patients with high-grade glioma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1549-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpita","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daksh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archya","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indraja","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameya","family":"Puranik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2917-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kajari","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayushi","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epari","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliasgar","family":"Moiyadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandini","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejpal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute"},{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","first-page":"403","article-title":"Therapy for diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors in adults: aSCO-SNO guideline","volume":"40","author":"Mohile NA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohile NA, Messersmith H, Gatson NT, et al. 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