{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:24:37Z","timestamp":1783974277520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005756","name":"Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antivir Chem Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenovirus causes a number of diseases in human, and can cause serious infection in severely immunosuppressed individuals. Despite the seriousness of adenovirus infection, there is no definitely approved anti-adenoviral therapy. Many studies have shown that compounds derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. Therefore, this study evaluated in vitro anti-adenoviral activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ethanol extract of pomegranate peel was prepared with maceration method and fractionated by consecutive liquid\/liquid partition. The cytotoxic and anti-adenovirus activities of the extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, punicalagin and gallic acid) were evaluated on Hep-2 cell line using MTT assay. Inhibitory effect on adsorption and post-adsorption phases of the virus replication cycle was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pomegranate peel extract had a desirable effect against adenovirus with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of 5.77\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and selectivity index of 49.9. Among the fractions and compounds, the n-butanol fraction and gallic acid had the highest anti-adenoviral activity with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of 2.16\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and 4.67\u2009\u00b5M and selectivity indices of 122.5 and 10.5, respectively. The crude extract, n-butanol fraction and gallic acid inhibited the virus replication in post-adsorption phase ( p\u2009&lt; \u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pomegranate peel extract, especially its n-butanol fraction, could serve as a new promising anti-adenovirus agent due to high inhibitory effect against adenovirus replication. The effect of the n-butanol fraction may be related to the synergistic effect or other compounds of this fraction. Further understanding of the bioassay guided isolation of natural compounds of this fraction seems essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2040206620916571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T11:22:12Z","timestamp":1587295332000},"page":"204020662091657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["In vitro anti-adenoviral activities of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum<\/i>L.) peel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3103-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad-Taghi","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rabiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Infectious Disease and Public Health, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Alidadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2040206620916571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.589"},{"key":"bibr2-2040206620916571","first-page":"479","volume":"100","author":"Razonable RR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"bibr3-2040206620916571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12022"},{"key":"bibr4-2040206620916571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/EuJMI.4.2014.1.2"},{"key":"bibr5-2040206620916571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3103343"},{"key":"bibr6-2040206620916571","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Mirjalili S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med 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