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HL is unique in that the tumor cells (Hodgkin Reed\u2013Sternberg; HRS cells) are a small fraction (&lt;1%) of the tumor bulk, with the remaining tumor composed of the cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The support and integrity of the TME is necessary for HRS cell growth and survival. Targeting the programmed death 1 pathway has shown exciting activity in relapsed HL and led to United States Food and Drug Administration approval of the checkpoint inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, for R\/R HL. Novel combinations with checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT), targeted approaches such as combinations of CBT with brentuximab vedotin or chemotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, and the use of CBT to potentially sensitize to subsequent therapy are being investigated as treatment approaches. As understanding of the HL TME grows, hopefully this will increase the number of rational therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620719846451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T07:31:30Z","timestamp":1556868690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Immune targeting of the microenvironment in classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: insights for the hematologist"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Carreau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine & NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine & NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2040620719846451","unstructured":"Cancer stat facts: Hodgkin lymphoma. 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