{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:04:09Z","timestamp":1777878249407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study quantifies the value of survival gains attributable to novel treatments approved since 2003 for United States (US) patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated the increase in survival attributable to lenalidomide and bortezomib for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the 1983\u20132013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. To estimate the survival benefit of treatments approved since 2015 (carfilzomib, elotuzomab, daratumumab, used in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone) we used clinical trial data to calibrate survival estimated using the SEER data. We then conducted an economic valuation of the estimated shift in survival curves for all therapies. Finally, we estimated the share of the value accruing to patients and manufacturers using treatment costs estimated from MarketScan data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone (Vd) and lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone (Rd) resulted in substantial survival gains and societal value for multiple myeloma patients, generating 1.7 additional life-years per RRMM patient. More recently, approved novel treatments have improved survival over effective treatments (i.e. Rd\/Vd) by an additional 2.5 life-years \u2013 the monetary value of this incremental survival benefit far exceeds the incremental cost of treatment. At the patient level, the incremental benefit of Rd\/Vd is $335,500 and with novel treatments is $565,000. Applying this benefit to all future cohorts of US RRMM patients translates into a value of at least $75 billion and $130 billion with Rd\/Vd and the novel treatments, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SEER registry data were only available through 2013. Therefore, survival gains for recently approved treatments were estimated based on clinical trials, rather than observed survival. Our valuation analysis does not capture sources of value aside from survival gains, for example, better quality of life, increased productivity, or the value of surviving until subsequent novel therapies become available. Substantial extensions in life expectancy in RRMM since 2003 translate into real economic value gained by society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207211027463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T04:28:35Z","timestamp":1625286515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The value of survival gains from therapeutic innovations for US patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna P","family":"MacEwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research, 111 River Street, Suite 1120, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Majer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn W","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRECISIONheor, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumeet","family":"Panjabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975\u20132017. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2017\/ (2020; accessed 13 February 2020)."},{"key":"bibr2-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.380"},{"key":"bibr3-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411321"},{"key":"bibr4-20406207211027463","volume-title":"Presented at the American Society of Hematology (ASH), Annual Meeting and Exposition","author":"Dimopoulos MA"},{"key":"bibr5-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Amgen. KYPROLIS\n                      \u00ae\n                      (carfilzomib) for injection, for intravenous use. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/202714s027lbl.pdf (2019, accessed 13 February 2020)."},{"key":"bibr6-20406207211027463","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 21st Annual Congress of the European Hematology Association","author":"Dimopoulos MA"},{"key":"bibr7-20406207211027463","first-page":"1055","volume":"14","author":"San Miguel J","year":"2013","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"bibr8-20406207211027463","volume-title":"Paper presented at the ASH: 57th Annual Meeting and Exposition","author":"Moreau P","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr9-20406207211027463","first-page":"1195","volume":"15","author":"San-Miguel JF","year":"2014","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"bibr10-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new treatment for refractory multiple myeloma. US Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-new-treatment-refractory-multiple-myeloma (2019; accessed 13 February 2020)."},{"key":"bibr11-20406207211027463","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA granted accelerated approval to belantamab mafodotin-blmf for multiple myeloma. Silver Spring, MD. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-approvals-and-databases\/fda-granted-accelerated-approval-belantamab-mafodotin-blmf-multiple-myeloma (2020; accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr12-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2008.14.S7-A.19"},{"key":"bibr13-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22678"},{"key":"bibr14-20406207211027463","first-page":"214","volume":"8","author":"Kenney J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"bibr15-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828053828563"},{"key":"bibr16-20406207211027463","first-page":"S257","author":"Yin W","year":"2012","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"bibr17-20406207211027463","first-page":"e10","volume":"23","author":"MacEwan JP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"bibr18-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2017.23.2.206"},{"key":"bibr19-20406207211027463","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. ICD-O-3 SEER site\/histology validation list. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/icd-o-3\/ (2019; accessed 13 February 2020)."},{"key":"bibr20-20406207211027463","author":"Biegelsen Birchenough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Technology Biotechnology: Wells Fargo Securities, Equity Research"},{"key":"bibr21-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/research\/data\/meps\/index.html (2015; accessed 13 February 2020)."},{"key":"bibr22-20406207211027463","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Drug Approval Package: Velcade (bortezomib). US Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2003\/21602_Velcade.cfm (2002, accessed 13 July 2020)."},{"key":"bibr23-20406207211027463","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Drug approval package: Revlimid (Lenalidomide). US Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2005\/021880s000_RevlimidTOC.cfm (2006; accessed 13 July 2020)."},{"key":"bibr24-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2228949"},{"key":"bibr25-20406207211027463","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Databases, tables & calculators by subject. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor. https:\/\/data.bls.gov\/PDQWeb\/cu (2019, accessed 8 May 2019)."},{"key":"bibr26-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.194282"},{"key":"bibr27-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30354-1"},{"key":"bibr28-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505654"},{"key":"bibr29-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00464-7"},{"key":"bibr30-20406207211027463","volume-title":"et al. The flow of money through the pharmaceutical distribution system","author":"Sood N","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr31-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Celgene Corporation. US SEC form 10-K (annual report) 2011. http:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/816284\/000104746912001293\/a2207399z10-k.htm (2015; accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr32-20406207211027463","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Orange book: approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations, 36th ed. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/InformationOnDrugs\/ucm129662.htm (2016; accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr33-20406207211027463","unstructured":"FORM 10-K [Internet], Washington, DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/14272\/000001427216000288\/bmy-20151231x10xk.htm (2015; accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr34-20406207211027463","unstructured":"Friedman Y. DrugPatentWatch. https:\/\/www.drugpatentwatch.com\/p\/biologics\/tradename\/DARZALEX (2020; accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr35-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conti R, Berndt E. Specialty drug prices and utilization after loss of US patent exclusivity, 2001-2007. Working Paper 20016. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014.","DOI":"10.3386\/w20016"},{"key":"bibr36-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2011.05.012"},{"key":"bibr37-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.02.006"},{"key":"bibr38-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0639"},{"key":"bibr39-20406207211027463","volume-title":"Treatment options for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: effectiveness,value,and value-based price benchmarks: final evidence report and meeting summary","author":"Institute for Clinical and Economic Review","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr40-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2016.1194278"},{"key":"bibr41-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.05.012"},{"key":"bibr42-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.573"},{"key":"bibr43-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-012-0395-6"},{"key":"bibr44-20406207211027463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.04.003"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20406207211027463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20406207211027463","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20406207211027463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:15:29Z","timestamp":1777590929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20406207211027463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20406207211027463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20406207211027463","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-6207","2040-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"20406207211027463"}}