{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:59:25Z","timestamp":1792799965958,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PharmaEssentia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferons are cytokines with immunomodulatory properties and disease-modifying effects that have been used to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) for more than 35\u2009years. The initial use of interferons was limited due to difficulties with administration and a significant toxicity profile. Many of these shortcomings were addressed by covalently binding polyethylene glycol to the interferon structure, which increases the stability, prolongs activity, and reduces immunogenicity of the molecule. In the current therapeutic landscape, pegylated interferons are recommended for use in the treatment of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. We review recent efficacy, molecular response, and safety data for the two available pegylated interferons, peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) and ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft (BESREMi). The practical management of interferon-based therapies is discussed, along with our opinions on whether to and how to switch from hydroxyurea to one of these therapies. Key topics and questions related to use of interferons, such as their safety and tolerability, the significance of variant allele frequency, advantages of early treatment, and what the future of interferon therapy may look like, will be examined. Pegylated interferons represent an important therapeutic option for patients with MPNs; however, more research is still required to further refine interferon therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207241229588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:55:16Z","timestamp":1708390516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Interferons in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pankit","family":"Vachhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Oncology at The Kirklin Clinic of UAB Hospital, North Pavilion, Room 2540C, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6167-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4343-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prithviraj","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulraheem","family":"Yacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2185-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron T.","family":"Gerds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Masarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Kuykendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raajit K.","family":"Rampal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srdan","family":"Verstovsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544"},{"key":"bibr2-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850"},{"key":"bibr3-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.02.001"},{"key":"bibr4-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-696005"},{"key":"bibr5-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1"},{"key":"bibr6-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0054-y"},{"key":"bibr7-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14061"},{"key":"bibr8-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000516"},{"key":"bibr9-20406207241229588","first-page":"169","volume":"3","author":"Dummer R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"bibr10-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3212"},{"key":"bibr11-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2521"},{"key":"bibr12-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr13-20406207241229588","volume":"24","author":"Pestka S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr14-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102502200"},{"key":"bibr15-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0282(2000)55:4<254::AID-BIP1001>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"bibr16-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-432989"},{"key":"bibr17-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.03.005"},{"key":"bibr18-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010986"},{"key":"bibr19-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005563"},{"key":"bibr20-20406207241229588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.01.018"},{"key":"bibr21-20406207241229588","unstructured":"PharmaEssentia USA Corporation. 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