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However, the persistent challenge of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to represent a significant barrier, often being the leading cause of nonrelapse mortality after allo-HSCT. To address this limitation, hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation (MST) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that synergistically combines chemotherapy, allo-HSCT, and cellular immunotherapy. This innovative approach is designed to retain the patient\u2019s immune function, promote the establishment of microchimerism, and achieve a potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) response, all while significantly minimizing the risk of GVHD. MST has primarily been applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies, where it has demonstrated promising outcomes, including marked improvements in complete remission rates, overall survival rates, and progression-free survival rates. Moreover, MST facilitates hematopoietic recovery, decreases the likelihood of infections, and reduces the incidence of GVHD, thus contributing to an improved quality of life for patients. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of MST\u2019s mechanisms could enhance its clinical utility and integration into standard treatment protocols. This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms, current clinical applications, and challenges of MST, shedding light on its potential role in advancing the management of hematological malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207241310332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1735802763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation: current situation and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China*These authors contributed equally"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7765-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"},{"name":"Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng street, Nanchang 330006, P.R. 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